| Abstract: | 台灣現代化的金融體制，係日治時期台灣總督府所引進的。當時資金缺乏，一般民 眾或小型工商業資金融通，頗受高利貸之苦。總督府為了要建立一般平民金融，在台推 展信用組合。信用組合在日治時期，對台灣的經濟繁榮有很大貢獻。戰後，中華民國政 府接收台灣，依法將信用組合改為各地信用合作社及農會信用部的基層金融體系。 板橋鎮在日治時期原有板橋信用組合，戰後改制為板橋鎮農會信用部，小工商業者 遂失去融資的管道。板橋鎮為台北市之重要衛星都市，市榮興盛，各界亟需資金，乃紛 紛建請設立信用合作社，以繁榮地方經濟。 民國44 年，行政院准許新設立的7 縣局，得設置一新信用合作社。板橋鎮為台北 縣治所在，獲此契機，由時任鎮民代表會主席邱榮隆號召地方各界人士，共同創立「板 橋鎮信用合作社」（簡稱板信）。板信於民國46 年7 月開業，邱榮隆為第一任理事主席。 在他主事下板信穩定地發展，並獲主管機關肯定，得以概括承受永和鎮信用合作社，成 立永和分社，業務區域擴大為板橋、中、永和、土城4 鄉鎮。 板信從創立到改制為商業銀行，其存續期間正值台灣經濟的成長期，因業務區域緊 鄰台北市，具有地利之便，經常長期經營，遂成為台灣知名信用合作社。84 年，政府頒 布信用合作社改制商銀辦法後，板信成為地方期盼的改制對象。民國86 年9 月30 日， 板信在大家的期待中，順利的改制成為「板信商業銀行」，邁向另一旅程。 本文論述以板信存續期間為主軸，史料著重在板信檔案資料，輔以板橋、中、永和、 土城4 市的地方誌，不足的地方採用板信關鍵人士的口述訪談作補充，以探討台灣基層 金融的發展與地方社會、經濟的因果關係，顯現台灣信用合作社的時代功能。 The modern financial system in Taiwan was introduced by the Taiwan Governor-General Office during the period of Japanese Colonial Period. Due to the lack of funding, financing for the general public and the small business suffered from usury. To establish a financing system for the general public, the Taiwan Governor-General Office launched credit unions with great contribution to the economic prosperity of Taiwan during the Japanese Colonial Period. . After the war, the Government of Republic of China took over Taiwan regime and restructured credit unions into credit cooperatives and credit departments of farmers association, forming the fundamental financial system of Taiwan. During the period of Japanese Colonial Period, the Panchiao Credit Union of Panchiao Township was restructured into the Credit Department of Farmers Association in post-war, from which the financing for small business and industries eventually disappeared. Panchiao Township was the prospering satellite city in Taipei where those who in need of funding urged the government to establish credit cooperatives for prosperity in the local economy. In 1955, Executive Yuan agreed to set up one new credit cooperative for the seven new county bureaus. With this opportunity, Chairman of Representative Council of Panchiao Township, Zhon-Lon Chio, gathered people from various fields and established the “Panchiao Credit Cooperative (PCC)”. PCC was founded on April 15th, 1957, and began its operations on July 5 with Zhon-Lon Chio commissioned as the first chairman. Under his leadership, PCC’s steady development was recognized by the competent authorities and PCC consequently acquired Yonghe Credit Cooperative as Yonghe Branch, in addition to expanding its business premise including Panchiao, Jhonghe, Yonghe, and Tucheng. From the foundation to the restructuring as a commercial bank, PCC’s duration underwent the growing economy of Taiwan. Due to its convenient location near Taipei City, PCC is able to sustain long-term management and has eventually become a notable credit cooperative in Taiwan. After the government promulgated the “Guidelines for Restructuring Credit Cooperatives to Commercial Banks” in 1997, PCC became the restructuring object of expectation by the local people. In 1996, Kaohsiung Fifth Credit Cooperative was involved in a scandal case when PCC applied for restructure in 1996, and the government suggested PCC to merge the cooperative with PCC. PCC was hesitant about the merge and was only convinced when the competent authorities assigned specialist to negotiate resolutions for the implementation of restructuring and merger with PCC. PCC was renamed Bank of Panhsin (BOP) on September 30th, 1997. . The paper discusses the duration of PCC with historical data emphasizing the information on PCC, supplemented by the local records of Panchiao, Zhonghe, Yonghe, and Tucheng. Any insufficient data will be added with oral interviews from key figures in Panchio. The paper further explores the casual relationship between the development of the fundamental financial institutions of Taiwan, local community and economy to highlight the time functions of Taiwan credit cooperatives. |
