| 摘要: | 台灣茶業在清領後期即成為台灣重要的產業，並於日治時期開始企業化經營，戰後政府亦積極發展茶業，以致在過去台灣以輸出農產加工品為主時期，茶葉外銷佔台灣輸出貿易額相當重要比重，並為台灣賺取大量外匯，而有「南糖北茶」的稱譽，茶業在台灣經濟史與農業史上實有特殊的地位。 儘管過去對台灣茶業的研究已相當豐富，然而關於戰後至今台灣茶業不僅歷經生產區位的改變，製造上也由大型製茶工廠專門製造轉為與茶農家庭式小茶廠並立的情形，銷售上亦由外銷為主轉變為內銷導向，但至今仍無任何研究對戰後台灣茶業這些重大轉變深入分析探討。因此本研究嘗試以生產、製造與銷售三大面向，探討戰後台灣茶業的發展與變遷。 在章節架構上，第一章主要探討戰後台茶生產的發展與變遷，說明台灣發展茶業的自然環境基礎，與台灣茶園分布呈現「北消南長」的轉變，茶樹品種改良與分布的變化，並探討現象變化的背後因素。第二章則討論戰後台茶製造的發展與變遷，主要分析製茶工廠的規模、數量與分布的變化，以及製茶技術的改變。第三章主要探討台茶外銷數量、產品結構與外銷市場的變化，及台茶的銷售市場由外銷為主轉為內銷為主原因何在，在運銷方式又有何變化。第四章主要討論台茶在台灣加入WTO後如何永續經營，在農藥問題的處理、茶葉的安全生產上與如何促進茶葉的銷售上，各有哪些重要的發展。 The tea industry in Taiwan became a very important one in the late Ching Dynasty. Then during the period of Japanese governance, the industry began to commercialize. After the Second World War, the Taiwan government also helped developed the tea industry positively. At the time, tea accounted for a rather great proportion among all kinds of processed agricultural products exported to other countries, and it also helped earned a massive foreign exchange for the Taiwan government. The saying “Southern Sugar, Northern Tea” was therefore well-known to every Taiwanese. The tea industry indeed plays a very important part in the history of economy and agriculture in Taiwan Although there are plenty of researches on the tea industry in Taiwan already, yet, there is little research into the great changes of the tea industry in Taiwan after the Second World War, such as the changes of the growing areas, of the size of manufactories, and of the sale market. Therefore, this research is trying to cover all the above aspects and to discuss the developments and changes of the tea industry in Taiwan after the Second World War. There are four chapters of this research. Chapter 1 describes the developments and changes of the production of the tea, revealing the environmental elements for tea in Taiwan, the distribution changes of the tea plantations (decrease in the north and growth in the south), the amelioration of tea strains, and all the possible causes of these changes and developments. Chapter 2 discusses the developments and changes of the manufacturing of tea, analyzing the size, the amount, and the distribution of the tea manufactories and the improvement of the technology as well. Chapter 3 presents the amounts of tea export and the changes of exporting and domestic markets and marketing techniques. The causes of the changes are also included here. Chapter 4 processes the ways toward the long-term management of the tea industry in Taiwan after joining WTO, the solutions to pesticides problems, as well as how to achieve safe productions of tea and how to promote Taiwanese tea. |
