| 摘要: | 本論文主要是以商景蘭的一生與祁氏家族女性的文學活動為中心，並述及明末清初的社會環境，希望從商景蘭一生的遭遇與抉擇，反應明末清初政治環境丕變、女性文化蓬勃的現象。研究範圍將涉及商景蘭父親、丈夫及其三子四女，二媳與妹妹、姪女等人。另含括其交友圈「閨塾師」黃媛介、男性友人毛奇齡等。 論文命題則扣緊商景蘭個人的角色發展：商景蘭從女孩而妻子而母親、到遺民寡婦的生命軌跡，商景蘭如何面臨遺民生活上的問題？在她又詩人又遺民雙重身份的生活中，其寫作與交友又呈現何種風貌？而在她領導之下的家族詩會又是如何運作的？同時，從歷史的角度來思考寫作女性，即是利用商景蘭之個案來呈現，商景蘭如何看待自己？社會又如何看待這樣一個「女遺民」？身為女性的她所留下的作品存在的價值又如何？ 蘊育明末清初商景蘭才女的時代背景主要源自於明末清初物質條件的優越、社會與學術風氣的助益加上明末出版業的發達、女學的突破、男性文人的支持與才女的自主等等因素的支持。而商景蘭婚後更因夫家山陰地區的地理環境與祁氏家族的家學淵源，建立起一個家族性的才女文化團體。 商景蘭的一生最為人所樂道的便是她與祁彪佳「金童玉女」的婚配，從商景蘭隨祁彪佳的宦途「夫唱婦隨」的經歷，到兩人共築的寓山及林園生活中的各個層面，包括現實生活中祁彪佳對她的疾病時的照顧，不僅顯示兩人生活中的契合，更符合了明清「伴侶式」婚姻的想像。在她長達三十多年的寡居生活階段（1645－1676？）中，她遵守丈夫的遺志領導祁式家族在亂世中生活。商景蘭寡居三十年的生活與家族地位在在強化了她獨立的人格，也因此商景蘭在婚姻觀、貞節觀與才德觀上，有著矛盾的傳統與創新，並且具有相當獨立的女性意識。 在寡居閉世的時期，商景蘭透過家族詩會吟詠人生抒發情志，透過商景蘭主導，在家族男女之間相互唱和是詩會持續的動力。商景蘭的交友圈也透露出明清時期的婦女已不完全被圈禁在閨閣之中，她與「女校書」黃媛介的交誼、男性友人毛奇齡的往來，都說明了商景蘭在她閨閣以外的世界是十分活躍的。 商景蘭在《錦囊詩》中所呈現的自我形象－思婦、慈母、隱者、才女，都表達了一個明清女性的自我展現。《錦囊集》中所呈現的正說明商景蘭對於自我形象的期許與書寫態度。從商景蘭的寫作歷程人事變遷與人生歷程，可了解女性本身的特殊經驗與其美學觀念的表達，透過文字的解讀，當對商景蘭有更深的認識。 This thesis mainly focuses on Shang Jing Lan’s whole life and the female literature activities of Chi’s family, , and describes the society environment during the late Ming Dynasty and the beginning Ching Dynasty to reflect how politics environment changed dramatically during the late Ming Dynasty and the beginning Ching Dynasty and vigorous female culture’s phenomenon. The research’s range would involve in Shang Jing Lan’s father, her husband, her daughter-in-law, her young sister, her niece, all of her children, etc. It also includes her male friend Mao Chi Ling, her teacher Huang Yuan Jie, etc. This thesis, by observing Shang Jing Lan’s life course—from a girl to a wife and a mother, and to the end, a widow and a remnant, focuses on the development of her personal characteristic. How did Shang Jing Lan face the problems of a remnant’s life? What were the style between her writing and her relationship when she had dual identity of a poet and of a remnant? How did the family poetry association which was guided by Shang Jing Lan operate? Also, by using Shang Jing Lan as an example to view female writers from the historical perspective. How did Shang Jing Lan regard herself? And how did the society treat a female remnant like Shang Jing Lan? As she was a woman, what is the value of the existence of her masterpiece? During the late Ming Dynasty and the beginning Ching Dynasty, the superior background began from substance superiority, society and the tone of academic, publishing prospering in the late Ming Dynasty, top of female literature, supporting of male writers, female writer’s independence, etc. After Shang Jing Lan married, she set up a familial female writers’ culture team, because of Shan Yin’s geographic environment and the resource of knowledge of Chi. Everyone praised Shang Jing Lan and Chi Piao Chia’s marriage. From the experience of Shang Jing Lan went with Chi Piao Chia’s official career to garden life, which both of them built together. In addition, Chi Piao Chia took care of her when she was sick. All of those not only showed honeyed life but also accorded with the image of the Ming and the Ching Dynasty’s “couple” marriage. She had obeyed her husband’s dying wish to lead the Chi family in this troubled times for thirty years (1645-1676?). Both of Shang Jing Lan thirty-year’s widowed life and familial position reinforced her unique personality. Shang Jing Lan also had conflicting traditional and innovative mind among the concept of marriage, virginity, and morality. Eventually, she became a sense of unique woman. Shang Jing Lan expressed her notion through familial poetry in her widowed times. In family, man and woman reciting poems with each other was the poetry team’s motive power through Shang Jing Lan guiding them. However, during the Ming and the Ching Dynasty, Shang Jing Lan’s relationship revealed that women were not imprisoned in boudoir. For example, her relationship with Huang Yuen Chieh and Mao Chi Ling. Their friendship explained that Shang Jing Lan was lively in the world beyond boudoir. By “Chin Nang poem”, Shang Jing Lan presented the image of herself- a loving mother, lonesome wife, anchoress, writer- all of those displayed the female personality in the Ming and the Ching Dynasty. By the way, it explained that Shang Jing Lan expected herself and expected the attitude about writing. We can recognize female how to express their special experiences and concept of esthetics from Shang Jing Lan’s writing process or her life. The last but not the least, we can understand Shang Jing Lan deeper than before though wording interpreting. |
