| 摘要: | 姜戎《狼圖騰》一書問世後，在學界引起熱烈討論。評論家們雖肯定書中所承載之生態意識，但更多針對「狼性的宣揚」、及「不同圖騰文化信仰，造成國民性格的不同，以此簡單的狼性羊性二元對立，探究中國長期積弱不振的原因」適當與否進行批評。本論文擬用文本分析法及比較研究法，主要援引大陸期刊及學位論文，從文學角度分析此書。 有別於傳統文學中對於狼的刻板印象，書中極力的刻畫了狼愛好自由、智慧、耐心、合作等正面形象，還給了狼一個公道。作者將狼性作為一面鏡子，企圖觀照並尋回這些本屬於人類的善良本性。游牧民族雖在武力上對農耕民族完成了狼性精神性的「輸血」，但卻無法阻止農業文明反撲造成的草原漠化。 弗洛依德從精神分析的角度，採究圖騰起源於伊底帕斯情結。草原民族殺狼及製作狼皮筒子的動作，印證了殺父行為及其悔恨的心理。而草原上禁止過於殺狼及豢養狼的圖騰禁忌，也維持了其生態上的平衡。姜戎作為一個文革時下鄉勞改的知識分子，以其親身經歷忠實記下草原生活的「小傳統」文化，但本書背後所寓含的，卻是富國強兵的意旨，體現了陳思和所言──民間文學「藏污納垢」的特性。 After the author Lu Jiamin, under the pseudonym Jiang Rong, publishing his masterpiece, Wolf Totem, the book arouses a radical discussion. Though the critics agree with the subject of ecology, they still argue a lot with its extreme emphasis on the nature of wolves. Most of all, critics suspect that if it is proper to attribute Chinese lasting weakness to the various totem beliefs, which caused the people’s different characters and dualism, the opposition between the wolf totem and the dragon totem. This thesis will take the method of analysis the original text and comparison, referred to the essays and periodicals of Mainland China. The book will be explicated by literary viewpoint. Difference from the stereotype of traditional literature on wolves, the author describes the wolves as the animals of freedom-lovers, wisdom, patience, and team-working…, such positive characters return the wolves justice. The author takes use of the mirror as the metaphor, which symbolizes the nature of wolves, which would reflect and display the natural goodness of humankind. Though the nomadic people violently transfuse its spirit of wolves into the agriculture people, they can retard the grassland from the desertification resulted from the agriculture culture. Through the psychological-analysis viewpoint, Freud regards totems spring from Oedipus Complex. The contradictory of the killing wolves and making kegs with their fur by the grassland people is similar with the killing fathers and regrets of the murder. The taboo in Greenland, forbidding killing and keeping the wolves, makes the ecological balance. Being a intellectual in the period of China’s Culture Revolution, the author was sent down to the countryside of Inner Mongolia to reform himself by labor, and there he recorded the subculture in the grassland authentically. The story not only implies the way to enrich and strengthen one’s country but also corresponds with the saying of Chen Si Ho, the Folk Literature compound with all values. |
