| 摘要: | 面對環保與能源問題，汽車業與各國政府於過去10年間，已投入龐大經費，催生氫燃料電池汽機車。截至目前之研發結果顯示，氣態高壓氫（～350atm）似乎是唯一可實際商用的儲氫載具。而國內所供應高壓氫鋼瓶，壓力均低於約120atm，無法提供研發與產業應用之所需。儲氫合金除了作為氫氣運輸及儲放的媒介之外，更可利用儲氫合金溫度－壓力變換特性（Van’t Hoff定律），在低溫吸收低壓氫氣，而高溫釋放高壓氫氣所形成的壓差，達到熱能－機械能的轉換目的，以其原理所建構之：『金屬氫化物氫壓縮機 』為一種化學熱壓縮，具備無噪音、低能耗、安全性高、可釋放高純度氫氣等優點，有別於傳統機械式壓縮機。 本計畫基於上述之『熱壓縮機之產業需求與優越特性』，擬利用儲氫合金之特性，規劃一三年期計畫，在第1、第2年開發完成『於≦200℃下，可釋放≧200atm之一階段式氫壓縮機與合金』，第3年開發完成『水溫下（≦100℃），可釋放≧400atm之兩階段式氫壓縮機與合金』，研發之目標是『熱壓縮機與儲氫合金』均能完全於國內自製完成。各年之研發目標如下： 第一年：一階段式氫壓縮機之合金研究開發 (室溫下，改良之合金可提升放氫壓300%以上) 第二年：(i)氫熱壓系統與合金之建立（200atm, ≦200℃） (ii)兩階段式氫壓縮機之合金研究開發 (室溫下，改良之合金可提升放氫壓300%以上) 第三年：兩階段式氫壓機與合金之建立（400atm, ≦100℃）高效率的氫壓縮機主要取決於所用儲氫合金材料之特性，一般而言，儲氫合金需在低溫下達到高壓放氫之特性，所以合金最基本要求是應具備有高平台壓、低遲滯（low hystersis）。目前大多數氫壓縮機用儲氫材料有AB5系與AB2系兩種，AB5系的CeNi5合金擁有高放氫壓力、循環性佳及不易毒化等特點，是氫壓縮機用儲氫材料的極佳選擇，但其活化條件嚴苛，且有遲滯大的問題，因而限制了其應用性。AB2型合金用於氫壓縮機之材料，常見的有TiMn2與TiCr2兩種，但此二合金在室溫下較不易吸氫。為了達到釋放高壓氫的目的，常需結合兩種儲氫合金的兩段式氫壓縮機才可完成。申請人近年來對於儲氫合金材料之製備與改質已略有涉類，並獲多項國內外專利，同時自行組建完備的儲氫特性偵測儀器，並建立起自主組裝偵測儀器之能力，本計畫將在現有基礎下，進行（1）藉由改質現有之氫壓縮機用儲氫材料（AB5系、與AB2系）特性，企圖研發其他系列材料的可能，以提升氫壓縮機用儲氫材料之性能。（2）自行建構『可進行一階段與二階段氫壓縮測試模式』之『金屬氫化物氫壓縮機』，在一階段氫壓縮時，在低於200℃下，可釋放200atm以上氫氣，二階段氫壓縮時於100℃下（水溫）能將80atm氫氣提昇至400atm。就申請人所知，工研院視氫壓縮機為一極具潛力之商用加壓氫之設備，已規劃熱壓縮機之相關研發工作，而國外（尤其是中國大陸）已有很多團隊投入相關研發（詳如文獻回顧），而國內除工研院有初步研發外，尚無其他學研單位有類似之研究。申請人之先導性研究已成功自行建構國內首部之『一階段式氫壓縮機』，所有儲氫合金、溫控、系統設計、數據擷取系統均自行製作、設計完成，在200℃下，可釋放173atm之氫氣，本計畫執行時，為能達成所設定之目標，參與人員可以藉由儲氫材料的改質、設備的建立與使用等，瞭解學理、探討新知。期望在現有基礎上，順利完成所設定之目標，並希望研究成果能供學界、業界有價值之參考。 For solving the energy shortage and environment problems, people who concerned have invested many fund to mass produce the motorbike and car which powered by fuel cell in the past ten years. The high pressure seems the only way to transport hydrogen for commercial applications. But the supplied high pressured hydrogen vessels in our country, which hydrogen pressure are under 120 atm can’t offer the academic and industry’s requirement. Hydrogen storage alloy is not only a medium of hydrogen transportation, but also a way to press hydrogen into high pressure by using the temperature-pressure property(Van’t Hoff law). The hydrogen storage alloys can reach the goal of “thermal energy”-“mechanical energy” transportation by absorbing hydrogen at low temperature and desorbing high pressured hydrogen at high temperature. The “Metal hydride hydrogen compressor” which built by Van’t Hoff law is a chemical compressor. It has the advantages which are no noise, low energy wasted, high safety and can release high purity hydrogen. In this proposed research, a 3-year period research, which is based on “the superior properties and the requirements to industry” has been organized. We decide to reach the goal of “develop and complete the one-steped hydrogen compressor which can release above 400 atm hydrogen pressure under 200℃” in 1st and 2nd year and complete the compressor which can release hydrogen over 400 atm under 100℃ in 3rd year. Our final goal is that all the “thermal compressor and hydrogen storage alloys” can be manufactured in our country. The working schedule of every years are listed below: 1st year: Develop the alloys which are used for one-steped hydrogen compressor(the alloys can release over 300 atm hydrogen pressure at room pressure). 2nd year: (i) Build up the hydrogen compress system and alloys(200 atm, ≦200℃). (ii) Build up the alloys for Two-steped hydrogen compressor(the alloys can release over 300 atm hydrogen pressure at room pressure)) 3rd year: Complete the two-steped hydrogen compressor and the alloys(400atm, ≦100℃). High efficiency compressor is decided by the properties of hydrogen storage alloys which have been used. In general, the most basic requirements for the alloys is that the alloys can release high pressure hydrogen at low temperature. So the alloys should have the properties which are high plateau pressure and low hysteresis. In the present day, AB5 type and AB2 type hydrogen storage alloys are used for hydrogen compressor mostly. We had been researched on synthesizing and ameliorating hydrogen alloys for many years and had been obtained many patents. Moreover, applicant had been set up the hydrogen storage properties testing system and had the ability of building the instrument of the testing system. This study which is based on available foundation will carry out: (1) Improve the hydrogen compressor’s performance by reforming the hydrogen storage alloys(AB5 and AB2 types) and find the feasibilities of other types of alloys. (2) Build the “metal hydride hydrogen compressor” which “can change the modes of one-steped and two-steped compress”. It can release over 200 atm hydrogen pressure in one-steped mode under 200℃ and can raise the hydrogen pressure from 80 atm to 400 atm in two-steped mode under 100℃. As applicant know, Industrial Technology Research Institute(ITRI) had considered that the hydrogen compressor has the potential of commercial value and had set many plans for researching this thermal compressor. There were so many researching groups had invested in this study overseas(especially in China)(as shown in paper reivew). But there are no academic groups have touched this study in our country besides ITRI. We had built the first “one-steped hydrogen compressor” in our country. All of the hydrogen storage alloy, temperature controlled system, system design and data acquisition system were completed by ourselves. The compressor can release 173 atm hydrogen pressure below 200℃. For reaching the goal of this study, all of the researchers will learn more knowledge by hydrogen storage modifying, instrument setting and using. We hope that we’ll complete the goal by the foundation we already hady. 研究期間：10008 ~ 10107 |
