| 摘要: | 在日常生活中，事件發生的機率與可預期的程度都會有意識的或無意識的影響著我們的行為。人類與動物都會使用事件發生的機率，以分配認知資源處理每個可能的挑戰。在不斷變化的外在世界裡，個體會主動地利用周圍環境的機率訊息，來調整自己的行為以達成行為的目標。以足球守門員為例，他們會藉著解讀球員在射門之前的動作以預測球會射向那一邊，以便及時到位擋球。在實驗室環境下，一些研究也已經證實受試者會利用情境給予的事件機率來促進他/她們的表現（Carpenter, 2004; Geng and Behrmann, 2002, 2005; Milstein and Dorris, 2007; Liu et al., 2009）。在此計畫的一系列實驗中，我們想要結合敝實驗室已成熟發展的視覺搜尋作業、注意力控制作業以及腦造影技術，以探討事件機率對於視覺注意力與注意力控制行為之影響。事件機率對這些作業的效果，將以手動行為測量、眼動表現、數學模型，加上腦造影與神經干擾等儀器，以探索背後仰賴的神經構造與神經機制各是為何。我們近年來的研究（Juan et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2009; Chiau et al., submitted; Chao et al., submitted；Tseng et al.,submitted）與其他團隊過去的研究（e.g. Geng and Behrmann, 2002; 2005）都指出機率的效果可以藉著改變注意力分配的權重，以逆轉一些常見的注意力現象，例如反向眼動的損失（antisaccade cost）與內隱性注意力（covert attention）。這些新的發現已使得注意力的研究者，必須大幅的修改他/她們的假設（for a review see Summerfield and Egner, 2009），也因此需要發展出新的理論以釐清這些現象改變的成因。此計畫的短期目標在闡明視覺搜尋與注意力控制作業中機率效果的特徵，並且對這些現象背後的神經基礎有更深一層的瞭解。我們最終的目標是建立一個完整的理論，可以解釋計畫本身與其他相關實驗中所發現的行為的現象、數學模型的結果、腦造影相關性證據與神經干擾技術所提供的因果性證據。 Title: Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Mathematical Modeling and Neuroimaging techniques and to investigate probability and predictability effects on visual search and attentional control. 使用跨顱磁刺激¸數學模型與腦造影技術探討事件機率與期望值對於視覺搜尋及注意力控制的影響 Abstract: The probability and predictability of events influence behaviors implicitly and explicitly but dramatically in everyday life. Humans and animals utilize the expectation of forthcoming events to allocate their cognitive resources for coping with every possible challenge. In this series of studies, we propose to integrate several visual search tasks, attentional control paradigms and neuroimaging techniques, which are widely used and well established in our labs in order to investigate this issue. The probability effects will be measured with behavioral, eye movements and modeling data in addition with neuroimaging and neurodisruptive techniques to probe the underlying neuroanatomy and neural mechanisms. Our recent studies (Juan et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2009; Chiau et al., submitted; Chao et al., submitted; Tseng et al., submitted) and previous finding by other research groups (e.g. Geng and Behrmann, 2002; 2005) have indicated that the probability effect can reverse some attentional phenomena such as the antisaccade cost and covert attention by altering the weights of attentional control in the tasks. These new findings have made researchers to modify their hypotheses considerably and lead us to develop new theories accordingly (for a review see Summerfield and Egner, 2009). The immediate aims of this series of experiments are to elucidate these characteristics of the probability effects in the visual search and attentional control and to advance our understandings of the neural network underlying the phenomenon. Our ultimate goal is to establish a theory which accommodates behavioral results, modeling data, correlational neuroimaging and causal neurodisruptive evidence to theorize our findings and related ones. 研究期間：10008 ~ 10107 |
