Error estimations of dry deposition velocities of air pollutants using bulk sea surface temperature under common assumptions

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Title:	Error estimations of dry deposition velocities of air pollutants using bulk sea surface temperature under common assumptions
Authors:	Lan,YY;Tsuang,BJ;Keenlyside,N;Wang,SL;Chen,CTA;Wang,BJ;Liu,TH
Contributors:	大氣物理研究所
Keywords:	SOUTH CHINA SEA;GAS-EXCHANGE;CO2 FLUXES;WIND-SPEED;CHEMICAL ENHANCEMENT;SATELLITE RETRIEVALS;CARBON-DIOXIDE;MIXED LAYER;COOL SKIN;OCEAN
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2012-03-27 17:29:13 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	It is well known that skin sea surface temperature (SSST) is different from bulk sea surface temperature (BSST) by a few tenths of a degree Celsius. However, the extent of the error associated with dry deposition (or uptake) estimation by using BSST is not well known. This study tries to conduct such an evaluation using the on-board observation data over the South China Sea in the summers of 2004 and 2006. It was found that when a warm layer occurred, the deposition velocities using BSST were underestimated within the range of 0.8-4.3%, and the absorbed sea surface heat flux was overestimated by 21 W m(-2). In contrast, under cool skin only conditions, the deposition velocities using BSST were overestimated within the range of 0.5-2.0%, varying with pollutants and the absorbed sea surface heat flux was underestimated also by 21 W m(-2). Scale analysis shows that for a slightly soluble gas (e.g., NO(2), NO and CO), the error in the solubility estimation using BSST is the major source of the error in dry deposition estimation. For a highly soluble gas (e.g.. SO(2)), the error in the estimation of turbulent heat fluxes and, consequently, aerodynamic resistance and gas-phase film resistance using BSST is the major source of the total error. In contrast, for a medium soluble gas (e.g., O(3) and CO(2)) both the errors from the estimations of the solubility and aerodynamic resistance are important. In addition, deposition estimations using various assumptions are discussed. The largest uncertainty is from the parameterizations for chemical enhancement factors. Other important areas of uncertainty include: (1) various parameterizations for gas-transfer velocity: (2) neutral-atmosphere assumption: (3) using BSST as SST, and (4) constant pH value assumption. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Relation:	ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Graduate Institute of Atmospheric Physics ] journal & Dissertation

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