利用太陽光發電具有取之不竭，用之不盡及較不受地理環境限制的優點，對於天然資源缺乏的國家，太陽光電再生能源產業發展，不但可以達到節能減碳效益，更提高本國能源的自主性。加上2011 年日本311 核震危機及各國核廢料儲存問題日益嚴重，太陽光電普及化的推動仍是國家產業經濟發展政策的重要工作。 目前太陽能發電成本仍高於傳統發電成本，各國補貼政策仍是影響安裝需求的主要關鍵。在歐洲高額的補助率鼓勵下，人民有較高投資報酬率誘因，使需求市場每年以30%複利成長。然受金融風暴及歐債危機的輪番衝擊，各國補助費率進行調降，使過度擴充的產能，呈現供需失衡現象，庫存壓力迫使產品快速跌價，面對中國低價策略競爭，太陽能產業正面臨一場汰弱留強的生存競賽。 本研究利用Scherer& Ross 產業組織分析架構，來瞭解太陽光電產業供需發展及上、中、下游供應鏈間的市場結構、廠商行為及績效狀況，進一步探討台灣太陽光電產業現況及面對全球競爭未來發展動態。 研究結果顯示太陽光電產業經過十幾年快速發展產業結構仍是呈現三角形上游仍是寡占越往下游廠商家數多競爭激烈，但不同的是製造重心因產品快速跌價，歐、美、日等國因成本考量多以委外代工生產，使太陽能電池製造重心移往亞洲發展。此外，隨著中、韓兩國不斷往上游多晶矽擴產，分屬美、日、德等龍頭大廠CR4 集中度不斷降低，且上游產能也有朝向亞洲集中生產趨勢。受矽材跌價對於原被看好的薄膜太陽能電池將面臨嚴峻的生存考驗。面對激烈競爭，利潤下滑，全球主要太陽能電池廠除致力於提高轉換效率增加產品差異化，爭取規模經濟的機會外，並透過垂直整合的營運方式，維持獲利能力；以專業代工為經營導向的台灣廠，如何利用本身的優勢與國際進行垂直整合，才能提升面對競爭應變能力。The use of solar power is inexhaustible and more from the advantages of geographical constraints. For the country which lacks natural resources, photovoltaic industry is not only has benefits with saving energy and reducing carbon, but also improve the country’s energy of autonomy. 311 earthquake in Japan in 2011 affected nuclear crisis and the problem of nuclear waste storage is growing , photovoltaic popularity is still the important promoting work of national industrial and the economic development policy. Currently the cost of solar power is still higher than the traditional power, national subsidy policy is still the key which affecting installation requirements. Encourages under the European high quota's subsidy rate, the people have the high investment incentives, causes the buyers' market by 30% compound interest growth every year. However takes turns the impact of the financial storm and the European debt crisis, various countries' subsidy rate on the lowering makes the imbalance between supply and demand. The stock pressure force product falls in price fast, facing the competition of Chinese low price strategy, the photovoltaic industry is facing the strong survival competition. This study uses Scherer& The Ross industrial organization analysis framework to understand the photovoltaic industry’s supply and demand development and supply chain relations between market structure, firms behavior and performance. Also know Taiwan’s problem of the global competition and develop the tendency in the future. The study shows the the photovoltaic industry structure is still the triangle after a decade of rapid development. The upstream is oligopoly and the downstream is competitive. With solar cell price rapid declined,solar cell manufacture center moved toward Asia area which the laborer is cheaper. Facing China and South Korea's upstream competition,the degree of concentration CR4 of polysillicon material is lowing. It mean the production center also moves toward Asia area rightly. Regarding falls in price of material , the thin film solar cell will be faced the stern survival test. For the profit slides fast , the main solar cell companies not only increases the opportunity of the economies of scale with the product variation in the higher transfer efficiency , but also maintain profitability through vertical integration. Taiwan’s companies task is how to use their strength to cooperate with the international companies in Vertical integration , in order to enhance the resilience of the face of competition.
