| 摘要: | 內政部98年的國民生活狀況調查報告摘要分析統計中顯示，高達84%的國民對未來生活有憂心的問題，男性、女性皆以「財務問題」的重要度最高。面對少子化及金融市場快速變遷時代，大多數人面臨既無法養兒防老，又無法降低個人理財難度及風險，導致人生計畫被打亂，無法完成生涯各項目標，甚而無法如期安心退休。 本研究擬探討在未來充滿許多不確性及變數下，如何運用有限的財富資源創造更高之附加價值來完成「滿足生涯各階段目標」，期能探索適合國人以生涯理財規劃為主軸，做好適當的資產配置及風險控管，並慎選理財方式以符合生涯各階段金錢需求，最終達成生涯各階段目標的最適方案。 本研究依據國際金融理財協會（ International Associated for Financial Planning ; IAFP )定義的理財規劃，以個案深入訪談及次級資料蒐集等質性研究方法，探討不同個案的生涯各階段理財規劃，包括居住規劃、退休規劃、教育規劃、保險規劃及稅務規劃等，藉由實際訪談分析受私人雇用者、雇主與自營作業者、單親家庭及頂客族等四種族群的主客觀條件，並經歸納整理後，提出在不同背景條件下，如何妥善規劃生涯各階段理財計畫，進而完成人生夢想的理想方案。 研究結果發現所有類型家庭生涯理財目標皆須符合理財「SMART」原則，當個人或家庭資源有限時，應找出生涯理財目標輕重緩急的先後順序；在做生涯理財規劃前須擁有正確的理財觀念才能規劃出正確的理財計畫，並依照自己的風險承受度慎選理財工具，且定期檢核理財進度才能確保理財目標能一一實現；本研究個案雖屬不同族群，卻同時選擇退休規劃為生涯理財規劃中最重要的規劃。 根據本研究所獲致的結論，茲提出以下建議供各界參考:一.人人都需做好生涯理財規劃。二.理財投資需符合風險屬性。三.慎選家庭理財顧問。四.政府應建立完整理財規劃自律規範。According to the census and statistical analysis conducted by the department of internal affairs in 2009, more than 84% of the citizens were worried about their prospects. Among the concerns, “financial stability” was the most critical issue across both genders. With the trend of low birthing rate and increasingly unpredictable financial tumults, many are unable to meet the challenges of personal financial and risk management. This phenomenon often causes disruptions in personal and career planning, sometimes even future retirement. This thesis will discuss how to effectively leverage existing, often limited, financial resources to generate added values that are otherwise not available. It aims to layout a personal and financial planning framework tailored to the needs of our citizens. In effect, the framework will not only induce the appropriate asset allocation and risk management measures, it will also judiciously leverage financial instruments to provide financial supports needed in each stage of life. Ultimately, it will guide individuals to design their own optimal plans to achieve goals of their lives. The proposed framework of this research is developed using individual in depth case studies targeting from self employed individuals, employers, single parent, to DINK and their secondary sources. By taking into account of their subjective and objective conditions, a framework is proposed and many aspects of financial planning, including living and housing, retirement, education, taxation, and finally insurance planning are discussed. The resulting framework abides to the standards set by the International Association for Financial Planning (IAFP). The finding of this research indicates that all family centric financial planning satisfied the 「SMART」principle. Namely, under resources constraints, individuals or families should first prioritize their objectives and develop the correct mindset before the actual financial planning. Furthermore, in order for the plan to concretely meet the goals, appropriate financial instrument must be chosen based on the risk tolerance level and risk profiles of the individuals. Although the cases examined in this research vary, retirement planning has been considered as the most important part of financial planning amongst all groups under investigation. For reference, this research finally concludes that: 1. All individuals should engage in careful financial planning 2. Financial planning and investment must be made according to the risk profiles 3. Careful selection of financial advisor is paramount to the success of the planning 4. Government should establish complete regulatory measures for financial planning individuals or entities. |
