本文主要探討當代的正義問題,在廿一世紀的今天,面對這個貧富差距逐漸擴大、多元文化價值紛呈的全球化世界,我們要爭取哪些正義?更進一步地,我們需要一個什麼樣的正義理論,以含括我們的正義訴求?過去的正義理論主要聚焦在分配正義,也就是對於社會貧富不均的情況,要如何重新分配財富、機會和資源等問題,但是當代的正義問題不只有經濟重分配(economic redistribution)的面向,還有文化認可(cultural recognition)的面向,這涉及了族群和種族歧視、性別歧視和性少數的歧視等問題,然而,在過去傳統左派的正義問題中,卻往往缺乏文化認可的面向,因此,美國哲學家Nancy Fraser提出一個二維的社會正義理論,試圖同時納入經濟重分配和文化認可兩個面向。本文即嘗試以Fraser的社會正義理論和其相關論戰為主軸,深入探討經濟重分配和文化認可兩種正義訴求之間可能存在的矛盾衝突,以及由此所引發的相關論戰。然而,隨著全球化的趨勢,正義問題已不再侷限於一個國家之內,跨國正義的問題被突顯了,因此,在經濟重分配和文化認可兩個正義維度之外,Fraser加入了正義的第三個維度:政治代表權(political representation),她的社會正義理論也隨之發展為「後威斯特伐利亞民主正義理論」(theory of post-Westphalian democratic justice),以因應當代全球化世界中日趨複雜的正義問題。本文最終則針對Fraser正義理論的特點和問題提出見解和批判。In the 21st century, people have to face serious challenges such as uneven wealth distribution and cultural diversity in the globalizing world. Under such circumstances, this thesis intends to ask: what kind of justice do we have to struggle with? Which theory of justice can encompass our struggle for justice? In addressing these questions, I focus on Nancy Fraser's theory of social justice and the debates about "economic redistribution" and "cultural recognition." However, beyond the economic dimension of distribution and the cultural dimension of recognition, in the globalizing world, "political representation" must become the third dimension of the theory of justice. Therefore, I follow Fraser's further thoughts on the theory of post-Westphalian democratic justice. Finally, this thesis ends with my critique on Fraser's theory of justice.