| 摘要: | 許多研究發現，大多數香菸的癮君子接觸菸品開始於18歲之前，而且初次吸菸之年齡層有逐年降低之趨勢，這也代表兒童及青少年吸菸之比率有提高之傾向，而國內外研究也指出，第一次接觸菸品的年齡越低，以後具酗酒、嚼檳榔及成癮性藥物使用之頻率越高，所以青少年吸菸行為除了影響未來之菸癮狀況，亦會影響青少年未來使用成癮性藥物之行為，造成國民健康的莫大損失。本研究使用國民健康局「民國97年國中學生吸菸行為調查」及「民國96年高中、高職、五專學生吸菸行為調查」為調查資料。主要是以居住在台灣各縣市目前就讀國中及高中、高職、五專之學生為抽樣母群體，國中學生共抽出20,170個樣本(不含離島地區)；高中職學生共抽出23,826個樣本(不含離島地區)，並對此兩份資料庫個別分析少年基本資料(年齡、性別、零用錢、所在區域)、父母之吸菸行為、同儕影響(例如朋友之吸菸行為、認為吸菸的女孩有更多的朋友)、媒體廣告(反菸廣告及雜誌香菸廣告之接觸頻率)、對健康的認知(例如認為吸菸1~2年再戒掉對健康沒有傷害、認為二手菸有害健康)、戒菸的意願及想法(認為自已想戒菸就可以戒掉)、菸品可近性(年齡不妨礙我買菸、曾拿過免費香菸)及第一次吸菸年齡對個人吸菸習慣(選擇吸菸之機率及對菸品之消費機率)之影響。本研究發現：年齡較大、男性及有較多零用錢之青少年，菸品取得越容易者(容易拿到免費香菸或容易買到菸)較易出現吸菸行為，其在菸品上之消費金額也較高；反菸廣告能有效的降低青少年選擇吸菸機率及降低其購買菸品之金額；菸品花費金額高之青少年，大多都有戒菸之意願，但因菸品成癮性而無法順利戒除。因此如何幫助有戒菸意願之青少年能順利戒除菸癮，實為反菸之重要課題。Many studies have found that most cigarette addicts’ exposure to tobacco products began before the age of 18, and the age of initial smoking decreased gradually every year which represented a raise tendency of the smoking rate of children and adolescents and implied a higher probability that they may also addict to alcohol, betel-nut and drugs. Smoking behavior at young age affects tabacco addiction extent, and besides, influences the probable behavior of abusing addictive drugs in future, resulting in a great loss of national health.This study quotes the data in “Taiwan Youth Tobacco Survey, 2008“ and “Taiwan Youth Tobacco Survey, 2007” from Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health (Taiwan), based on sampling the population in junior high and high school, vocational school, and junior college students residing in Taiwan, and quoted samples are 20,170 and 23,826 respectively of these two data base.Compile the two data base with the factors: individual background (age, gender, pocket money, and residence area), parents' smoking behavior, peer influence, media advertising, perceptions of health, smoking cessation aspiration, tobacco products contact, the age of first smoking and the influence on individual smoking habits.The study found that adolescent with older age, male, have more pocket money, and those who can get free cigarettes easily or easy to buy cigarettes are prone to have smoking behavior and also higher expenses on tobacco products. The anti-tobacco advertisement can effectively reduce the desire of smoking and the amount of purchasing tobacco products. Most of adolescent who spend high amount on tobacco product have willingness to quit smoking, but can hardly get rid of the habbit due to tobacco addiction. Therefore, how to help adolescents who wish to quit smoking abstain the habit successfully is the critical issue of anti-tobacco. |
