統包工程報價風險研究-以公共工程為核心

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题名:	統包工程報價風險研究-以公共工程為核心
作者:	謝璧如;Hsieh PI,JU
贡献者:	營建管理研究所
关键词:	報價分析;統包工程;風險;Lump-Sump;Quotation Analysis;Risk
日期:	2013-01-29
上传时间:	2013-03-25 16:22:48 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	公共建設規模龐大，營造業在競爭激烈的環境下，逐微利以求生似乎成了必然的現象。當承包廠商通過公開競爭而得標之工程，其契約價在該工程計畫成本中卻隱含著政治、經濟、施工風險等在內，稍有疏忽失誤，便將面臨嚴重的虧損局面。因此，為了在工程激烈的競爭中獲利，經營管理者能否完全掌控其風險並主張其權益，為整體關鍵之要素。由於國內公共工程以統包方式發包日漸普遍，面臨備標時間限制，承受以概略設計圖說估算成本的風險，諸多情事投射於施工條件詭譎多變之鉅額投資中，故風險因子影響整體公共建設之執行極深。即使統包工程決標後，進入工程主辦機關與統包商逐次討論發展設計過程，若工程主辦機關（或PCM）對工程標的功能與規模不確定，則無法適應統包契約設計、施工並進模式，而反覆更動需求計畫，或提出契約約定範圍以外之需求，及統包廠商面臨需求計畫更動，無法掌握設計期程及建造成本，因此雙方互動時必然產生爭執。「風險承受程度」在於設計建造統包商之「契約協定工作範圍」，統包廠商必須以固定契約總價，在履約期間內、完成所約定之「工作範圍」，所可能產生「將來實際施作之數量成本」與「投標報價時預估施作之數量成本」之差距，無法為報價所負荷吸收之「成本錯估風險」。本研究將檢討設計建造統包執行架構下，統包商於報價階段所面臨之成本風險問題。The scale of public construction work is huge; however, under extreme competition, profitless has become an inevitable phenomena for the construction industry. Contractors are awarded bids through open bid process. The contract price includes compensation for political, economical and construction risks. Any carelessness could lead to serious losses. Thus, in order to gain profit, whether the management could overall control risks and stand it’s rights and interests or not becomes the key point of the project.Lump-sump public construction work has become more and more popular in Taiwan. Under limited bidding time, bidders estimate cost base on preliminary drawings and specification. Risks could occur due to complicated work condition and impact deeply to the project.Even after the project is awarded, owner and contractor discusses the design in details. In this stage, if owner or PCM are not aware of the function and scale of the work and cannot get used to proceeding detail design and construction parallelly, the project will suffer from revision of requirements or requirements which are out of contract scope. As a result, the contractor has to revise work plan and will not be able to control schedule and cost which can lead to argument or dispute. “ Risks allowable margin” is to design a mechanism in project contract, contractor has to complete all scope of work within project duration under a fix price. The difference of “actual quantity take off costs” and “bidding stage estimate quantity take off costs” are “cost misestimate risk”.The research is to discuss the contractor’s cost risk issues during quotation stage for bidding a fixed lump-sump work.
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