臺灣係屬於海島型經濟體系，國內市場有限，對外貿易依存度高，在2004年底以進口與出口衡量的貿易依存度即已超過百分之百（103.419%），加上經濟政策發展大多以國際貿易為導向，使得近年來的貿易環境更為開放。然而，此自由化的結果可能使得台灣的勞動市場發生變化。本論文的主要目的在於利用民國九十一年至一百年之上市櫃公司資料，分析貿易條件、開放程度、關稅效果、出口比例以及對外投資等五種國際貿易面向，對上市櫃廠商在不同產業間勞動需求彈性的影響。本研究以長期差分的方式解決可能的內生性問題，也測試了估計結果的穩健性。實證結果發現國際貿易的效果大致上會使勞動需求彈性提高，其中又以貿易條件和出口規模兩種國際貿易的管道，對於台灣勞動需求彈性的影響較大。再者，實證結果也發現，上述國際貿易的效果對上市公司之影響又比對上櫃公司更加顯著。另外，產業中受影響較大者則屬電子資訊產業，該產業特性非常仰賴國際貿易以獲得所需原物料和訂單，實證結果證實，該產業的勞動需求彈性對於國際貿易之反應更為敏感。 Owing to the island state characteristic of Taiwan, the domestic market is limited, and that is the reason we rely heavily on foreign trade, which can be seen from the degree of openness always in a high level. Also, most of the policies are trade-oriented, that makes the trade environment more liberal however, it could change the situation of labor market as well. The main purpose of this paper is to use the data of listed and OTC companies in Taiwan from 2002 to 2011 to investigate the effect of different dimensions of international trade, which contain terms of trade, degree of openness, tariff, export and foreign direct investment, on labor demand elasticities. In order to take care of the endogeneity problem, we apply long difference to the estimation, and also check for robustness. From the empirical result, we find out that international trade would bring the elasticities higher, especially TOT and export. Besides, listed companies of information technology industries are more sensitive in adjusting labor factor due to the dependence on raw materials and purchasing orders from other countries.
