| 摘要: | 中文摘要 本論文研究的方言點位於廣西省東北部賀州市昭平縣的北陀鎮，賀州是一個多民族聚集的地區，除了擁有漢、壯、瑤三個主要民族，還有其它許多的少數民族，賀州客家人屬於漢族族群，又可分為河源客家人、河婆客家人及長樂客家人。北陀鎮的客家人以河婆話為主要溝通語言，本論文以實際調查的方式，研究北陀鎮客家話的語音系統及語音演變現象，瞭解北陀客家話歷史音韻特徵，以及曾經歷的音韻變化，並對於詞彙做的進一步的探討。
本論文共分六章。第一章為緒論，包含研究動機及目的、研究方法、文獻回顧與探討。第二章透過北陀鎮客家話的語音語料，描述北陀鎮客家話的平面語音
系統，包含有聲母、韻母、聲調、連讀變調及文白異讀。第三章將北陀鎮客家話與中古音韻做出歷時的比較。第四章分析北陀鎮客家話的特點，聲母部分包括（1）精莊知章組聲母的歸併類型分析（2）曉組顎化（3）匣母保留較古層次的演變（4）非組保留古重脣音（5）成音節鼻音「m 」（6）疑母的顎化。韻母部分包括（1）一、二等o：a元音的對應（2）宕攝、遇攝三等精莊組字韻母有別（3）合口字開口化現象（4）遇攝三等介音與元音的融合。聲調部分包括次濁聲母的聲調演變現象。詞彙部份包括特殊詞彙分析。第五章將廣西賀州同屬河婆音系的另兩個方言點，公會鎮、樟木林鎮，加上同屬河婆音系的廣東五雲客家話共同做比較和分析，藉以了解來自同個原鄉，因時代的變遷而產生不同的詞彙現象，在整理北陀鎮的詞彙時也發現部份字呈現壯族底層字的現象。第六章為結論，歸納北陀鎮客家話的語音系統及特點，並在最後做檢討與建議。 關鍵詞：北陀鎮客家話、語音特點、河婆話、詞彙、壯族
AbstractThe dialect point studied in this paper is located in Beituo Town, Shaoping County, Hezhou City, northeast of Guangxi Province. Hezhou is a multi-ethnic gathering district. Besides three main nationalities, i.e. Han, Zhuang and Yao, it still has many minority nationalities. Hakka in Hezhou belongs to Han ethnic group. It is also divided into Heyuan Hakka, Hepo Hakka and Changle Hakka. Hakka in Beituo Town use Hepo Dialect as main communication language. The paper takes actual survey method to study voice system and voice evolvement phenomenon of Hakka in Beituo Town and understand the historical phonological features and experienced phonological changes of Beituo Hakka dialect. Furthermore, it takes further discussion for its vocabulary.
The paper is divided into 6 chapters. Chapter I is introduction. It includes study motivation and objectives, study methods, literature review and discussion. Chapter II describes the flat voice system of Hakka dialect in Beituo Town through the phonetic linguistic data of Beituo Hakka dialect, including initial, finals, tones, tone sandhi and literary and colloquial reading. Chapter III takes diachronic comparison between Beituo Hakka dialect and medieval phonology. Chapter IV analyzes the features of Beituo Hakka dialect. The initial consonant part includes: (1)finals merging type analysis of Jing, Zhuang, Zhi and Zhang Group
(2) palatalization of Xiao Group
(3) “Xia” initial reserves evolvement in ancient level
(4) Fei group reserves ancient heavy lip sound
(5) syllabication nasal ‘m’
(6) palatalization of Yi initial. Finals include : (1)Correspondence of level I and level II o：a vowels
(2)it has differences for finals of Dang She and Yu She Level III Jing and Zhuang groups
（3）opening phenomena for round-mouth characters
(4) merging of Yu She Level III head vowels and vowels. The tone part includes tone evolvement phenomena of secondary voiced sound. The vocabulary part includes special vocabulary analysis. Chapter V takes comparison and analysis between Guangxi Hezhou dialect point and another two dialect points of Hepo phonology, i.e. Gonghui Town and Zhangmulin Town, and Guangdong Wuyun Hakka dialect, which belongs to Hepo phonology to understand different vocabulary phenomena is generated for the dialects with the same original source as the changing times. When collecting the vocabulary in Beituo Town, it also discovers that part vocabulary shows the ground floor words phenomena of Zhuang Nationality. Chapter VI is conclusion. It summarizes the voice system and features of Beituo Hakka dialect and provides review and suggestion finally. Key Words: Beituo Hakka dialect Voice Features Hepo Dialect Vocabulary
Zhuang Nationality |
