本文主要探討現代社會的消費問題。在經濟狀況較穩定的今日，大量生產、大量消費、大量丟棄的消費習慣導致了各種倫理問題的發生。人們幾乎每天都在消費，然而大部分的人並不關心消費倫理問題。消費在現代社會為什麼是倫理問題？消費社會面臨的倫理問題有哪些？消費者應該如何避免非倫理的消費行為？是否有倫理原則可供依循？ 本文整理了效益主義、義務論和德行論的倫理學理論，並討論從這三個視角來建構消費倫理的可能；同時，嘗試對現代消費者衝動、非理性的消費行為提出批判，並找出適合現代社會的消費倫理原則──可持續消費原則。 隨著全球化的時代來臨，消費議題已不再是個人問題。不論是個人或團體的消費行為，都深深地影響著他人與自然，消費議題已跨越了個人、國家，成為攸關全球人類與自然發展的問題。消費者是一個龐大的族群，合宜的消費行為可以帶來正向的改變，如何永續消費實為當今消費者不可忽視的課題。 This paper aims to discuss the issue of consumption in the modern society. Nowadays, the mass production, mass consumption and the large amount of wasted habits of consumers can lead to a variety of ethical problems. For example, most consumers neither concern about the issue of consumer ethics nor have the correct concept about it. As a result, there are several problems are likely to be discussed. First of all, what are the possible ethical problems may occur in the consumer society? In addition, how can consumers avoid non-ethical consumption? Moreover, are there any principles to follow with regarding these problems mentioned above? This paper firstly illustrates the theories of Utilitarianism, Deontology and Virtue Ethics, and then discusses the possibility of building ethical consumerism from these three perspectives. Moreover, the essay attempts to critically discuss the impulsive and irrational consumer behaviors in the meantime, to find out a practical principle of consumer ethics within the modern society that is the principle of sustainable consumption. It is noticed that due to the globalization, the issue of consumption is no longer simply a personal problem. Every action of consuming can be involved with other people and the nature. Additionally, it has become an issue related to all human beings that can across the individuals, geography and nations. Therefore, it is significantly important to conduct the right consumption and devoted to the sustainable development of consumption.
