| 摘要: | 我國近代兵工業發軔自晚清，最初乃由地方督府自行創建軍火生產廠局，清廷並未進行積極有效的統籌管理，以致各行其是，缺乏整體規畫。民國建立後，北洋政府成立軍械司及督辦工廠事務處，企圖透過中央政府管轄方式整合全國兵工事務，但因直轄兵工廠數過少、組織層級定位不佳、經濟困難、全國動盪等因素而終告失敗。國民政府結合北洋政府與自身經驗，在民國17年11月成立兵工署，作為兵工生產中央行政主管單位。經過持續改組，組織與職能皆發生相當大的變化，也更符合國府整軍備戰的需求。 兵工署管轄之主要單位，有各兵工廠、軍械庫、兵工研究委員會與兵工學校。兵工署隨著時局推演，逐步加強對各廠的管轄；24年併入軍械司後，亦開始管轄其軍械庫。兵工研究委員會與兵工學校則是羅致培育專業人才的單位，對兵工署的人才選派與專業形象，具備重要的功能。 兵工署相當重視技術人員，因此形成特殊的人事管理做法；歷任署長對兵工署的領導管理，扮演角色不盡相同，並影響任內的人事管理。至於廠長、警衛隊與軍械庫員、外籍顧問以及工人，亦可從人事管理角度切入，探討當時兵工生產的各種現象。 本文以民國17年到26年為時間範圍，從組織與人事層面探討兵工署，透過不同時期的演變，以了解國府整體國防觀念的形成過程。
The development of Chinese modern military industry started from the late Qing-Dynasty. Initially the local Bishop's House determined to found weapon plant Bureau of its own. The Qing government did not carry out active and effective integrated management. Therefore local Bishop's House had its own ways of running weapon plant Bureau and lacked the overall planning. After the Republic of China was established, the Northern Government set up Ordnance Division and the supervision of the factory offices, and attempted to integrate national ordnance affairs by the central government jurisdiction way. The Northern Government was eventually fail to achieve this goal because of the few numbers of Crown arsenal, the poorly positioned in organizational level, economic difficulties, the national unrest and other factors. Combined the Northern Government and their own experiences, the National government established an ordnance in November 1928, as central administrative authorities of ordnance production. Through out the continuous restructuring, the considerable changes on the organization and functions occurred
and the ordnance fit in line with national government prepare for war needs more as well.
Under the Ordnance Department, the main units are various arsenal, armory, Ordnance Commission and Ordnance School. With the current situation deduction, the Ordnance Department gradually strengthen the plant's jurisdiction. After merged into the Ordnance Secretary in 1935, it also began to govern their armory. Ordnance Research Council and the Ordnance School were the units of recruiting the new members and fostering them into the specialists. Ordnance Research Council and the Ordnance School played very important roles on ordnance personnel selecting and building up the professional image.
The Ordnance Department valued the members of technical staff, and thus a special personnel management practice was formed. Each served as the director of Ordnance Department played a different role on leadership and management, and affect the personnel management during his term of office as the director at the same time. As for factory director, guard and armory staff, foreign consultants and workers, the various phenomena of ordnance production could be explored from the point of view of the personnel management as well.
This study discusses The Ordnance Department from the organization and personnel aspects. Understanding the formation process of the Nationalist government overall defense concept from 1928 to 1937, through the different periods of evolution. |
