| 摘要: | 臺北市環保局於92年12月26日起全面實施廚餘回收，民眾排出廚餘時須依據臺北市「廚餘分類表」先行分類為「養豬廚餘」及「堆肥廚餘」二類再行交付，100年度臺北市環保局每月約收運廚餘量約有5,000多公噸，其中「堆肥廚餘」約佔九成，以臺北市環保局規畫之「堆肥廚餘」處理流程中，於垃圾焚化廠（木柵、北投、內湖垃圾焚化廠）設置「堆肥廚餘暫存專區」主以緩衝及暫時貯存所回收之「堆肥廚餘」以利後續再利用，惟該專區因容量緩衝不足常引發臺北市堆肥廚餘去化危機。
本研究係探討臺北市環保局設置「堆肥廚餘暫存專區」現行「廚餘堆置」模式，評估改以「蚯蚓處理」方式進行處理得否加速「堆肥廚餘暫存專區」之「堆肥廚餘」削減，另以「蚯蚓處理」後之基材性質與臺北市自行堆肥成品比較優劣，並依據「蚯蚓處理」實驗結果評估得否承載臺北市環保局木柵垃圾焚化廠「堆肥廚餘」處理量。
經實驗17日「蚯蚓處理」削減「堆肥廚餘」重量及密度均較「廚餘堆置」高，另比較「蚯蚓處理」後之基材成分，有機質及養分皆有升高情形，惟依據肥料法令及成分性質與臺北市自行堆肥成品比較後，「蚯蚓處理」堆肥後基材未明顯優於臺北市堆肥成品。
「蚯蚓處理」對「堆肥廚餘」雖較「廚餘堆置」削減率來的高，但僅能以單位面積進行削減，木柵垃圾焚化廠「堆肥廚餘暫存專區」以整體空間之進行「堆肥廚餘」翻堆及初步醱酵，其承載消減「堆肥廚餘」量之能力較「蚯蚓處理」為佳。
In 2003, the Department of Environmental Protection, Taipei City Government initiated the kitchen waste reuse policy. Since then, kitchen wastes collected by the Taipei citizens have been required to be separated into the so-called “hog-feeding kitchen waste” and “compostable kitchen waste” before disposal. However, the amounts of the kitchen wastes collected these years have increased significantly. For example, in 2011 approximately 5,000 tons of kitchen wastes were collected each month in the Taipei City, and as high as 90% of the collected belonged to the compostable kitchen waste. Such massive production of kitchen wastes has become a crisis to the kitchen waste management for the City due to insufficient storage capacity, though there had been temporary storage areas specifically set up for the compostable kitchen waste in each of the three City-owned municipal solid waste incineration plants (MSWP), i.e., the Muzha, Beitou and Neihu plants.
The objectives of this study were to test the performance of vermicomposting on the acceleration of kitchen waste decomposition, and also to assess the possibility of replacing the current practice of kitchen waste composting in the temperate storage area of the MSWP with the vermicomposting approach. In doing so, the product quality of vermicompost was compared with that of the traditional compost in terms of fertilizing values and heavy metal contents. Additionally, the decomposition rate of the monthly input of compostable kitchen waste at the Muzha MSWP using the vermicomposting was simulated and evaluated.
Results of the 17-day experiment showed that compared to the traditional compost pile approach, vermicomposting had higher decomposition rates. However, while organic matter and nutrients increased in the vermicompost, the fertility of it was not superior to that of the compost resulted from the standard process suggested by the Department of Environmental Protection of the Taipei City. With regard to the application, the vermicomposting approach offered better performance than the traditional pile approach, particularly on the surface of earthworm activities. Regardless, given that the Muzha MWSP can utilize the entire 3-D volume of the temporary storage area for compost transformation, the overall volume reduction rate resulted from the traditional compost pile approach would be better than the vermicomposting approach. |
