| 摘要: | 研究期間：10108~10207;Developing fast and microextraction techniques to determine the selected emerging contaminants in various environmental matrices. Currently, based on the green chemistry concepts, the scientific community has increased interest in the development of sustainable analytical procedures in analytical chemistry. This so-called “Green analytical chemistry (GAC)” mainly pursues the objectives of replacing or reducing toxic reagents consumption and miniaturizing the analytical methodologies, so as to minimize environmental and human hazards by replacing polluting methods with clean and “greener” ones. Sample pretreatment procedures are considered to be potentially the most polluting and time-consumption step of analysis, as it usually requires the use of large amounts of toxic organic solvents, which may generate a large amount of chemical waste, resulting in a great environmental and human impact. In some circumstances, the chemicals employed for sample pretreatment were even more toxic than the species being determined. For example, classical liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) has been widely used as the standard method for liquid sample extraction and preconcentration of target analytes. For solid and biota samples, classical Soxhlet extraction has been commonly used as the standard method. These methods consume large volumes of toxic organic solvents (i.e., both need at least 200 mL dichloromethane), tedious procedures (i.e., for LLE needs 40 min/sample; for Soxhlet needs 10 hours) and severe matrix effects. To employ fast, reliable and eco-friendly analytical techniques for the determination of selected emerging contaminants, in this three-year proposal, we will focus on developing solvent-free and microextraction sample pretreatment techniques coupled with GC-MS, LC-MS, CE methods to analyze three important groups of emerging contaminants at trace-level in various environmental matrices. Three selected emerging contaminants are: (i) engineered nanoparticles (ENPs, i.e., fullerene (C60) and surface-functionalized fullerenes); (ii) the main organic sunscreen ingredients (i.e., salicylate and benzophenone type UV filters) and (iii) inorganic sunscreen ingredients (i.e., TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles). Followings five major tasks are going to investigate and study in this three-year proposal: Task 1. To evaluate the fast and eco-friendly sample pretreatment methods with various liquid-phase microextraction (LPME, i.e., dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), ultrasonic-assisted DLLME (UA-DLLME)) techniques for liquid samples; Task 2. To evaluate one-step microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (MA-HS-SPME) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique followed by a dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) for solid and biota samples; Task 3. To develop quantitative GC-MS (EI and CI) and LC-MS with various ionization interfaces techniques as well as LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS techniques for fullerene (C60) and organic sunscreen ingredients determination; Task 4. To develop quantitative CE technique for chelating metal oxide nanoparticles (i.e., TiO2 and ZnO) determination; and then Task 5. To employ these developed techniques to determine these target compounds in various environmental matrices, and study the occurrence and fate of these contaminants impacted to various environment compartments. Our research will have a significantly contribute to wide spectrum of solvent-free and microextraction techniques coupled with hyphenated quantitative mass spectrometric for the environmental studies. The results of this research should be highly in response to our environmental protection trends, promote conservation and pollution control policies, as well as sustainable development in Taiwan. |
