| 摘要: | 塑膠類廢棄物不易自然分解，且焚化處理易產生戴奧辛等有害氣體，造成空氣污染問題，是各國政府很難解決的問題，在七大類塑膠材質中，又以第五類聚丙烯使用量最大，佔總塑膠使用量60%以上，如有適當方法或技術能善用這些資源，不僅可以大幅降低塑膠類廢棄物的量，同時，也能創造許多附加價值。
本研究之目的，是針對過濾硫酸銅電鍍液之聚丙烯濾心，以不同萃取方式及溶劑或添加劑，將被截留於濾心纖維中之雜質及殘留電鍍液溶出，探討出最佳萃取條件，並檢測回收之聚丙烯纖維之物理及機械性質，測試其材質是否劣化或變質，以達到將聚丙烯纖維資源化及再利用之目的。
實驗結果顯示，濾心纖維粉碎的尺寸越小，萃取雜質效果越好；不同萃取方式之比較，則以超音波震盪可以最有效增加雜質的溶解速度；萃取溶劑之選擇，若單純以去離子水萃取雜質效果不佳，萃取率僅69.9%，以酸萃取時若萃取時間超過12小時，萃取率可達 83.5%，以螯合劑做為萃取液添加劑，並依螯合劑種類及解離型態控制反應之 pH值，可在短時間內去除 92% 以上重金屬雜質，但因螯合劑與重金屬雜質螯合後所形成之錯合物性質穩定，亦造成後續廢水處理難度增加，實廠操作時選擇何種萃取方式，需仔細評估。經過物理及機械性能檢測，回收之聚丙烯材質無明顯劣化或變質情形，可達再利用之標準。
;Plastic waste is not easily biodegradable and incineration of hazardous gases like dioxin will produce thar causing air pollution problems. These are serious problemes and difficult to be solved by governments. In the seven major types of plastic materials, the polypropylene fifth of plastic materials, is the largest materials of usage amount, in other words, the total amount of more than 60% . If there is an appropriate method or technology that can make the best use of these resources, we not only can significantly reduce the amount of plastic waste, but also can create a lot of added value.
This study is aimed at filtering copper plating solution of polypropylene, in different ways and the extracted solvents or additives, will be trapped in the dissolution of impurities and residual plating solution between the filter to explore the optimal extraction conditions, and detecting the physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber recycling, and testing whether the degradation or deterioration of the material in order to achieve the purpose of the polypropylene fibers and reuse of resources.
Experimental results show via Fiber Filter crushing if the smaller is the size, the better is the extraction of impurities. Also when comparing different extraction methods, the most effective sonication can increase the rate of dissolution of impurities. In selecting the extraction solvent, the mere extraction with deionized water impurities gare poor results, the extraction rate was only 69.9%, However in terms of the acid extraction, if the extraction time is more than 12 hours, the extraction rate is 83.5%. Increasing the chelating agent as an additive, and controling its dissociation patterns by adjust the pH value, more than 92% of heavy metal impurities can be removed within a short time. However, the chelating agents and chelate heavy metal impurities will form stable complexes which causes subsequent wastewater treatment more difficult. Thus, the actual operation during the process of extraction, careful and further evaluation is required. After detection of the physical and mechanical properties of recover polypropylene filter, its material properties does not become apparent inferiority, nor deterioration of the situation, and it can meet the requirement for reuse. |
