| 摘要: | 「水污染防治法」自民國63年頒布，分別歷於72年、80年、89年、91年及96年修正，期間雖歷經台灣省政府、衛生署、經濟部及環保署等機關歷史沿革，由於國人對環保意識抬頭，主張「環境權」，為落實永續發展，遂於91年12月11日施行「環境基本法」，以確立我國對環境權主張之重要里程碑；於河川流域水質保護角度而言，雖已歷五次修法，惟目前防治措施仍多以「點污染源」進行管制，無法突破現有制度，故為符合時代潮流，需具有更前瞻性之系統思維管理，將河川流域改以用更大廣度來檢視系統性作為；在「防」、「治」觀點上，若欲達到真正水資源及生態體系之永續發展，應將「水質」與「水量」同時納入管制考量，並以「總水量管理（Total Water Management）」或稱「總量管制（Total Mass Control）」之方式保護整體河川流域系統；為有效達成目的，爰參引中華民國刑法、民法、行政罰法及公害糾紛處理法等相關法令條文與各級法院判決實務案例，輔以研究水污染防治法及環境管理制度面之檢討，並分析可能造成各種環境侵權行為態樣，祈透過排放源管制模式，以向外延伸發展環境管理系統之概念，探尋實務上執行問題，並加以提出修正或改善建議供後人參考，盼能補強水污染防治管理制度層面，及追討污染行為人之不法利得，才能更加落實環境正義及立法精神。;The Water Pollution Control Act was enacted since 1974 and amended in 1983, 1991, 2000, 2002 and 2007 respectively. During this period, although going through the historical development by the Taiwan Provincial Government, the Department of Health, the Ministry of Economic Affairs, and the Environmental Protection Administration, due to the rise of the public’s environmental awareness and the emergence of “environmental rights”, the Basic Environmental Law was enacted on December 11, 2002 to implement the sustainable development and establish an important milestone in Taiwan’s claim for environmental rights. From the perspective of water quality protection in river basin, the current prevention measures still mainly focus on the control by “point source pollution” though after five amendments, unable to break through the existing system. Therefore, to follow the trend of the times, systematic thinking management should be adopted over deliberation, in order to examine the systematic actions concerning the river basins with a greater extent. In the viewpoints of “prevention” and “control”, to achieve the real sustainable development of water resources and ecological systems, the “water quality” and “water quantity” should be taken into the control and consideration at the same time. The entire river basin system should be protected through the method of “Total Water Management”, or known as the “Total Mass Control”. To effectively achieve the purpose, the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code of the Republic of China, Civil Code, Administrative Penalty Act and Public Nuisance Dispute Mediation Act and practical decision cases by the courts at all levels are referenced. Moreover, based on the study of the Water Pollution Control Act, review of the environmental management system, and analysis of the possible behavioral patterns of a variety of environmental torts, this study explores the practical implementation issues through the emission source control mode to extend the concepts of developing environmental management systems. The amendments or suggestions for improvement are proposed for future reference in order to reinforce the water pollution prevention and control management system level, recover the illegal profits of the polluters, and put the environmental justice and legislative spirits into practice. |
