| 摘要: | 政府採購制度之良窊關係著政策推動的成敗，透過健全的採購制度可有效的運用預算，分配資源，以達到最大效益，使人民得以享受應有的施政品質。「共同供應契約」機制除了提供以量制價及提升採購效率的功能外，近年來頻頻發生立約商超額利潤、民代關說，利用回扣朋分利益等系統性舞弊事件，此採購制度設計上是否出現了問題亦或人為因素?
本論文期藉由文獻、學說及實例等研究，探討「共同供應契約」的內涵、流程及執行問題，進而以羅爾斯的公義原則分析政府採購法與「共同供應契約」之公平性及以「公務倫理」相關規範探討公務員執行政府採購的倫理困境及因應策略，最後對我國「共同供應契約」機制提出具體規範及建議，俾利完備「共同供應契約」制度。本文研究結果及建議如下：
（一)招商階段：立約機關應藉由外部機制的審核，建構一套公平合理的招標機制。對於立約商品建議可採價格浮動機制，階段式減價，合理反映市場供需。以「複數決標」方式辦理招標，建議依個案特性，限制決標廠商家數之上限，以提供優惠的競價機制及品質保證。
（二)訂購階段：於「共同供應契約」電子平台，增設立約廠商競價機制，公開透明化的揭露採購交易資訊。各機關可就機關屬性、預算、個案需求等評析，自行修訂機關辦理「共同供應契約」之採購要點。
（三)履約階段：建議各機關自行訂定選商的合理機制或訂約後的監督機制，透過定期稽核及交叉比對，發現異常狀況。對於違約廠商之情事，宜增設反映系統，回饋各機關資訊。
（四)建立完備的監督機制、強化橫向平台查察機制。
（五)強化責任倫理，建構學習型組織文化
期透過本論文之研究結果，對現行的「共同供應契約」機制提出規範與建議，俾供主管機關及訂約機關施政參考，冀能在「公平合理」的法令程序與「提升效能」的宗旨下，尋得一個平衡點，以健全我國的政府採購制度，共創政府、民間及企業之三贏局面。
;The government procurement system is critical to the success of the implementation of its policies. A healthy and sound procurement system will contribute to the efficiency of budget planning and resource allocation, and the resulting benefits will be maximized,and in turn, citizens will enjoy better quality of public administration. The use of the Inter-entity Supply Contract has the advantage of reducing procurement costs and increasing the procurement efficiency by through joining the procurement needs of different government departments into a larger order. However,recent scandals,including the contractors making unreasonably high profits, influence-peddling and bribes, have exposd a number of questions, whether the cause of the scandals is sue to design of the procurement system or the manipulation of those in charge?
In this thesis, I reviewed the relevant literatures, theories and case-studies to explore the content, process and execution of such supply contracts. And, John Rawls’ theory of justice of John Rawls is employed to analyze the fairness of the laws of government procurement, and the concept of ethics of responsibility is employed as the basis to explore the ethical issues of the officials in charge and possible resolutions. Finally, explicit norms and suggestions are recommended.
The findings and recommendations of this research are as follows:
1. Contracting Stage: The establishment of a fair and sound tendering system via an external review process. it is recommend to adopt market price fluctuation basis, in order to reduce the prices stagewise and to reflect the mechanism of needs vs. supplies. It is recommended to adopt Multiple award, and limit the number of tenders case by case, to ensure a favourable price competition and quality.
2. Purchase Order Stage:an electronic platform for a fair, transparent competitive process for the interesting tenders. Each Department may conduct assessment and analysis on the basis of their different budgets and requirements, and may amend their procurement guideline for the contract.
3. Contract implementation:establish and maintain a proper supplier selection procedure or the supervision system for the selected suppliers, and spot abnormality through regular audits and cross-reference. For the prevention of violations of the suppliers, a feedback system should be established to keep relevant authorities informed.
4. A sound monitor system should be established, and horizontal platform supervision system should be strengthened.
5. The ethics of responsibility of the officials-in-charge should be strengthened, and it is recommended to develop the institution as a learning organisation.
It is expected the recommendations provided on the basis of the findings analysis of this thesis could contribute to the quality of government procurement, and help finding an acceptable balance between efficiency and laws, so to further benefit the government procurement system by creating win-win-win for the government, civil society and companies. |
