| 摘要: | 電鍍製造程序共可分為前處理、電鍍及後處理，前處理。主要是將欲鍍的金屬物質放置於陽極，利用電沉積作用使其吸附於陰極被鍍物上，其介質即為電鍍液。各電鍍液雖隨著欲鍍金屬的不同，其成分也有所不同，但是無法避免的皆是重金屬含量高、低pH、高COD…等特性。
本研究之目的，主要是探討鍍錫業酸性鍍錫製程所使用的電鍍液”硫酸亞錫廢水”其再利用方法之研究，係以加入凝聚劑與電解法進行實驗，再確認其上沉液的再利用可行性，及電解後吸附於陰極之重金屬回收及資源化的可行性，以增加公司成本效益、降低廢水廠運作成本、降低環境汙染，以符合放流水管制標準。
以某鍍錫廠所產出之硫酸亞錫廢水，加入凝聚劑A後以不同靜置時間、不同凝聚劑比例進行實驗結果得知，最佳凝聚劑之比例為3%-5%，而最佳沉降時間為240分鐘。再加入凝聚劑B後，最佳凝聚劑之比例為5%~10%，而最佳沉降時間則為240分鐘。以電解法進行硫酸亞錫廢水內四價錫濃度去除，就其成本與時間上的考量；其結果為電流強度7A，持續電解4小時後較佳。
以硫酸亞錫(鍍錫液)年度更槽需購入9040kg計算，104年三月份鍍錫液(硫酸亞錫)成本1公斤891元，更新鍍錫液須花費8054640元，加上將硫酸亞錫廢水中COD濃度降至582 mg/L、pH 6.5達工業區納管限值所需花費 804800元；故原硫酸亞錫處理方式共計花費8859440元；7A電解6小時陰極所吸附金屬錫，扣除電解時花費之電力費用，可獲利115703元。故可得知，相較於目前硫酸亞錫廢水處理方式，電解法進行硫酸亞錫廢水再利用，可有效減少公司成本支出。
;Electroplating process is comprised of pre-treatment, electroplating, and post-treatment. In pre-treatment, the metallic material to electroplate is placed at the anode and absorbed onto the material to be electroplated at the cathode via electro-deposition, with the plating solution as the medium. Though, the plating solution varies with the electroplating metal and composition, however, inevitably, it always exhibits the properties of high heavy metal content, low pH, high COD, etc..
The objective of the present study was the investigation of a recycling method for “Stannous sulfate wastewater” from acidic tin electroplating. The addition of Coagulant and standing time as well as electrolysis was investigated experimentally. The feasibility of recycling the upper deposition solution and the heavy metal absorbed at the cathode during electrolysis were assessed to increase the cost effectiveness, reduce the operation costs of the waste water plant and reduce environmental pollution to meet the water effluent standard.
Experiments showed the optimum concentration of coagulant A added to the waste water containing stannous sulfate was 3-5% and the optimal deposition time was 240 minutes. Using coagulant B, the optimal coagulant ratio was found to be 5~10% and the optimal deposition time remained 240 minutes. To remove the stannic compound from the wastewater by electrolysis, an uninterrupted electric current of 7A for 4 hours was found to be optimal from the cost and time point of view.
Based on the calculations for the 9040kg of stannous sulfate tin electroplating solution purchased annually, the costs for stannous sulfate in March 2015 was NTD891/kg, for its replacement was NTD8,054,640, and for reducing COD concentration in stannous sulfate wastewater to 582 mg/L and pH 6.5 to meet the controlled value of the industrial zone was NTD804,800. Therefore, the total cost for stannous sulfate treatment was NTD8,859,440. The tin metal absorbed at the cathode following electrolysis at 7A for 6 hours afforded the profit of NTD115,703, with the cost of electricity for electrolysis included. As a result, it was suggested that the recycling of stannous sulfate wastewater by electrolysis could effectively ease he cost for the company, as compared to the current stannous sulfate wastewater treatment.
Keywords: electroplating process, COD, electrolysis, coagulant, stannous sulfate, tin metal. |
