摘要: | 2015年是東協新元年,又2016年政府推動南向政策,東協國家已成為各媒體爭相報導之寵兒。而延宕多時的東協經濟共同體(AEC)於2015年底啟動,東協5個創始會員國,印尼、馬來西亞、菲律賓、新加坡及泰國,和後陸續加入國家,汶萊、越南、寮國、緬甸及柬埔寨等10國,不僅貨物可享免關稅,服務、人力和技術也可以互通有無。
從AEC、亞投行、一帶一路到跨太平洋夥伴協定(TPP),可發現東協都是主要受惠者,尤其是中國發起的亞投行、一帶一路將對東協10國帶來更大效益。可預見在各國資助後,將能帶動東協國家的城市起飛,吸引更多外人投資、創造就業機會、增加民眾收入,形成更龐大的消費市場。
柬埔寨正是典型的案例之一,從2004至2014年10年間,柬埔寨年平均經濟成長率達7.8%,並於該期間獲得全球經濟成長最快速國家之一,受到國際矚目。柬埔寨政府對投資管制少,沒有外匯限制、沒有利潤匯回本國的規定,也沒有對外資的差別待遇,以及土地及關稅減免等多重優惠措施,且工資便宜及人口紅利等優勢,被稱「外匯、金融市場高度自由化」國家,吸引不少台商赴柬投資設廠,更使筆者對台商赴柬埔寨投資現狀感到好奇,以及當前柬埔寨政治和經濟結構現狀,同時間台灣金融業銀行也隨著台商企業到柬埔寨設立分行或投資子行,在這樣的背景之下,如何在柬埔寨尋找可增加獲利的投資機會及所需因應的挑戰,是本研究探討的議題。 ;As ASEAN officially operating since 2015 and South-Oriented Developing Strategy released by new government in early 2016, ASEAN has been under media spotlight. ASEAN Economic Community, also known as ACE, has operated since the end of 2015 with founding countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand and follow-up members like Brunei, Vietnam, Lao, Myanmar, and Cambodia. In ACE, trading are exempt from customs duty tariff and services, human resources and technologies can be exchanged with barriers.
From AEC to Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, One Belt One Road Policy to the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the ASEAN countries are always the beneficiaries, especially from AIIB and One Belt One Road Policy. It is foreseeable that with funding from these organizations, ASEAN countries can develop faster, attract more foreign investments, create more job opportunities, raise GDP per capita, and form stronger consumer markets.
Cambodia is the typical beneficiary from the Southeast Asia booming. Cambodia was one of the fastest growing countries around the globe with average economic growth rate of 7.8% from 2004 to 2014. With few limits on investments and no restriction on foreign exchange, no profit feedback restriction, no discrimination against foreign investments, tariff concessions, etc. Cambodia is seen as a country with high degree of freedom on foreign exchange and financial market, which attracts many investments from Taiwanese companies and also raises author’s interest on current Cambodian investment conditions. With current Cambodian political and economic condition and Taiwanese banks expanding to Cambodia followed by Taiwanese companies, how to find profitable investing opportunities and to face challenges is the main topic of this research. |