自從有營造業以來，勞工安全一直被視為一個重大挑戰。許多研究皆證明了由於營造業在工地現場具有最多的職業災害傷亡人數，使得營造業為最具危險性的產業，而勞工在工地發生的人為錯誤被認為是意外增加的主要原因。有數個勞工安全計畫在探討勞工的人為錯誤的問題，這些計畫是從考量與工作環境與工人行為相關的外部因素來切入。然而，僅著重在非人類認知概念的層面是不夠的，而如何去評估與找出導致工地意外的因素是急迫且必要的。因以，本研究的目的是要辨識認知因素及其在工地意外事件上所具備的意含。本研究使用認知心理學做為辨識認知因素的工具，而所辨識出的因子則是透過問卷調查的方式加以驗證。研究結果顯示，與工地現場的意外事故相關的認知因素包括：記憶、注意力、決策、語言和認知。未來研究可以進一步根據這些認知因素提出新的管理方法，以透過安全行為的強化來提升營造業的現地安全。;Since the construction industry exists, safety has been considered as a challenge. Many studies have proven that the construction industry stands among the most dangerous industries to work in as it carries the greatest number of fatalities registered in the workplace. Human errors performed by workers on site are considered as the main reason of increases of accidents. Several safety programs studied this issue by considering external factors related to both working environment and worker’s behaviors on site. However, focusing on the non-cognitive concept is insufficient. Therefore, the urgency to evaluate and search for some responsible factors leading to accidents on-site becomes necessary. Thus the objective of this research is to identify the cognitive factors and their implication on accidents on site. Cognitive psychology is used as a tool for the identification of the factors and a survey is conducted to validate the factors identified. Results show that accidents on-site are narrowly linked to cognitive factors that are: memory, attention, decision-making, language, and perception. New management approach based on these cognitive factors can be proposed by future studies in order to promote construction site safety through the reinforcement of safe behaviors.
