錢謙益是明末清初重要的史學家，他的史著對明末清初的影響極大。但因個人政治生涯前有「阿附閹黨」，後有「降清失節」兩大污點，清高宗將其列為「貮臣」並禁燬其書，使其書籍至清末民初才重被公開討論。近幾年來隨著對謙益史學思想、史著、詩作的研究越多，不以名節廢言之共識漸立，謙益之史學成就與貢獻也越受肯定。但因其一生學術地位雖高，卻官運多舛，使其著作不免與政治處境相連結，而反映出作者不同階段的不同心境。本文即以史料比對方式，分別探討謙益有關明初 —〈太祖實錄辨證〉的辨史之作、明中 —《列朝詩集小傳》的編史之作與明季 — 碑銘的留史之作，從中印證謙益的史學主張與貢獻。標地的選取，以內容涵蓋完整有明一朝為安排。經探討後發現謙益的辨史之作有助釐清《太祖實錄》的隱諱之詞，其中提出的史學規則對明末清初史學影響很大；《列朝詩集小傳》則為其史學主張的實踐，為有明一朝記錄儒家忠孝節義的事蹟並留下社會百態的史料，而其碑銘之作對明末清初的政治亂局留下另一種說法。不論辨史、編史與留史，都與謙益所處之不同政治情境相連結，故後人在參考其著作時，必須對謙益寫作時之心境有所了解，才不致錯誤引用。;Qian Qianyi was an important historian in Ming-Qing. His historical works led the development of historiography between the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. But because of his indecisive political choice, he has been criticized as a betrayer twice. The Qing emperor Qianlong even judged him as a turncoat official and ordered to ban all of his books. Untill the end of the Qing Dynasty , they could be rediscussed openly again. Recently, with more published studies about Qian′s works , his achievements and contributions to the historiography has been recognized and confirmed. As Qian Qianyi′s polical career was ill-fated, his works linked with his own political situation inevitably. They always reflected the author′s different state of mind under the different political circumstance. Thus, it is necessary to clarify the influence between his works and the political situation. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to discuss how Qian’s works, by investigating the processes of how Qian Qianyi used the historical data to achieve the books of Taizu Record Dialect , The Brief Biographies of Poem Collection of Leichao and his inscription articles, reflected his deep mental state affected by the politic.
