| 摘要: | 近年國內重大災害頻傳，其中火災為各項災害中無論規模大小每天幾乎都會發生。而當火災發生時，因為火災的三大特性:成長性、不定性及偶發性，往往會造成難以估計的人員傷亡及財產損失。在官方統計資料中，可以發現火災類型以建築物火災居冠，接續依序為車輛火災、其他火災、森林田野火災及船舶火災。
本研究透過文獻蒐集及運用FDS火災動態模擬軟體以桃園市2件住宅火災案為例，參照火災原因調查鑑定書後進行火災現場模擬重建，進而得到火煙情形、溫度、氣體濃度及輻射熱變化等火災危害因子數據，並參考人員陳屍位置、原因及相關資訊，探討本研究中2個案例造成傷亡之原因及防制改善建議，重建模擬結果與實際情形及現場調查之結果大致符合，改善模擬結果亦能使危害因子大幅降低，希望藉此作為防範住宅火災之參考，減少案件發生數及人員傷亡。
;Major disasters and accidents occur frequently in recent years, and in all sorts of disasters and accidents, fires of different scale occur almost every day. When a fire occurs, it tends to cause inestimable casualties and loss of property due to three major characteristics of fires: growth, uncertainty, andsporadicity. From the official statistical data, we can discover the top five types of fire disasters, which occur most frequently in a descending order, are building fires, vehicle fires, others, forest and field fires, and marine fires. Through the reviewing of related literatures and use of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), this research analyzes two cases of building fires in Taoyuan City, refers to expertise reports on the causes of fires to simulate and rebuild the fire scenes, and then obtains the data of fire hazard factors including the situations of fires and smokes, temperature, gas concentration, and radiant heat variation. This study also examines the location of corpses, the reasons why the corpses were there, and the relevant information to discuss the causes of death and injury in the two cases,and then offers the suggestions of prevention and improvement. The results of the simulation and rebuilding were mostly consistent with the actual situations and the fire scene investigation results. The improvement of the simulation results can also greatly reduce the fire hazard factors. With all these research results aim to prevent building fires, reduction the number of building fires and casualties can be achieved through good practice. |
