| 摘要: | 全球科技持續不斷快速發展與進步的浪潮下，客家小鎮花蓮鳳林正在以慢城創生進行在地文化底蘊的打造與深化。朝向工業化、標準化的社會，逐漸以機器取代人力，在追求速度的同時，原有的生產鏈結正在改變，而「人」本身所具有的價值與彼此間情感上的交流，似乎正面臨嚴重的挑戰。面對這種現象的發生，有些人開始放慢步伐，思考在過去的全球化體系發展下，從中獲得到什麼？又犧牲了哪些事物？花蓮客家小鎮以客家文化與精神為核心，透過社區營造與組織，連結地方產業與社會歷史進程，成為臺灣第一個獲得國際慢城認證的地方。
「慢城」一詞的出現，在臺灣尚屬一個新的詞彙，使人對它充滿好奇與想像，而客家小鎮鳳林與慢城之間的連結作用，是本研究想要探討的核心關懷。鳳林向來是東部客家族群主要的聚居生活點，也同時是多元族群文化交集薈萃之處，早期種植菸草、檜木林等農林產業，現以西瓜、稻米、花生為主。在地具有多種文史工作組織，也有全台最密集的菸樓等文化資產，客家傳統技藝與客家文物富饒，成了鳳林成為國際慢城的優勢。本研究想要探究，在這個成為慢城的過程中，鳳林公部門、社區居民與計畫推動者各扮演了什麼角色？推動基礎與歷程是什麼？例如某些現況在旁人看來或許是劣勢，但從另一方面來看，卻是鳳林這個客家小鎮才獨有的特色，本研究將要探討這些問題。
本研究主要研究方法為文獻分析法、參與觀察法與深度訪談法，訪談對象包含地方公部門之官員、實際推動慢城者、地方社群團體、關心此事之在地人士，以及一般居民，研究重點有三點：第一、探討客家小鎮鳳林得以通過慢城認證條件與歷程。第二、分析鳳林鎮申請歷程中，公部門、在地推動者與社區居民對鳳林的對話和想像。第三、分析鳳林鎮慢城之歷程經驗，能做為提供其他地區發展的參考價值與社會基礎為何。研究結果發現，鳳林之所以能獲得慢城認證，最主要的原因除了地方原已具備的條件符合慢城之規範之外，公部門、在地推動者與社區居民能進一步在「慢城鳳林」的想像框架下，開始對話並進行相關的行動，也是鳳林能成為慢城意象的重要關鍵。雖期許鳳林能因慢城而帶來些許經濟效益，但不論是公、私部門還是地方居民，都非刻意為了認證而改變當地特色，也不希望由於過度追求經濟而導致損害當地環境。不管各鄉鎮欲申請慢城的理由為何，都應釐清何謂地方真正需求，並如何去規劃執行，才不至於為追求慢城，而犧牲原有的特質。
;With the continuous and rapid development of global technology, the Hakka Town, Fonglin in Hualien is developing and deepening the cultural heritage of the city with the Cittaslow revolution. At the time of an industrialized as well as a standardized society, manpower has been replaced by machines gradually. When people are pursuing the speed, the original production chain system seems to be changing. The value of human and the relations are coming up against a brick wall. To deal with this kind of phenomenon, some people try/start began to slow down and think about what we win and what we lose during globalization. Taking the Hakka culture and spirit as the core which is linked by local industry and social history, Fonglin has become the first place in Taiwan to obtain international Cittaslow through community organizations and community empowerment.
The word " Cittaslow " is still a brand new idea in Taiwan, which makes people curious about it. The main idea of this paper is the connection between the Hakka Town, Fonglin and the Cittaslow. Fonglin has always been the main living point of the Hakka in the east, and it is the birthplace of multi-ethnic culture. The crop in Fonglin includes tobacco, Cypress in early times, and watermelon, rice and peanuts at present. As for the traditional industry, there are a variety of cultural and historical work organizations, as well as lots of cultural assets such as the most densely tobacco buildings in Taiwan. With the benefit mentioned previously, especially for the traditional Hakka culture and crafts, Fonglin possessed the advantages of being an internation Cittaslow. This study wants to explore “In the process of becoming a Cittaslow, what role does the public sector, residents and project promoters play? What is the foundation and history to promote the Cittaslow?” This study will be focus on these issues.
The research applied methods of document analysis, participant observation and in-depth interviews. The interviewee includes local public sector, real promoter, local community organization, local people who care about the Cittaslow, and residents in Fonglin. There are three main focus in this study. First, explore the conditions and the development history of Fonglin and figure out why it is confirmed as a Cittaslow. Second, analyze the interaction among local public sector, residents and those who dedicated in Cittaslow projects. Third, figure out the reference value of Fonglin as a successful Cittaslow and how can it be applied to other places in Taiwan. The findings in this study are as follow：Except for the local conditions have been in line with the norms of Cittaslow, the public sector, the promoter and the community residents can further even communicate and put into practice in the " Cittaslow Fonglin." It’s an important key makes Fonglin to be a Cittaslow image. Although People expect some economic benefits because of Cittaslow, the public sector, the promoters and residents don’t want to change local characteristics for, neither do them want to harm the local environment because of the excessive pursuit of economy. No matter what kind of reasons for towns to apply for Cittaslow, they should clarify what the real place needs, and how to implement them, or we may lose the original characteristics. Only when we realize the true needs can we create a true Cittaslow. |
