城市為社會發展、經濟機會與生產力的中樞。世界上54%的人口居住於城市，住宅和服務的需求也隨之不斷增長。 政府間氣候變化專門委員會(IPCC)於2014年公告第五次評估報告(AR5)中提及，人為因素是造成氣候變化的主因。地面溫度升高帶來許多負面影響，如溫度上升，極點融化，海平面上升，沿海淹沒與侵蝕，頻繁降雨和洪水。發展國家影響更為顯著。 2015年，聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約(UNFCCC)公告永續發展目標，主張城市透過緩解與採取相關行動實現永續性，推動長期減少溫室氣體(GHG)排放。整合與平衡社會、環境、經濟部門與適應氣候變遷，促進城市永續發展。全世界有些城市已面臨阻礙，進而製定相關措施與計劃，對其進行分析與處理，尋找適當途徑永續發展。 儘管薩爾瓦多是發展中國家，對氣候會談沒有合作的責任，但有彈性意願為環境目標持續努力至2025年。(但薩爾瓦多的城市仍然依賴低效率與不可延續的做法，且尚未考慮到住宅問題。氣候變化影響需轉變為城市發展的新模範，因此薩爾瓦多需實現永續發展的道路，並將重點聚焦於住宅組成。 目前的研究集中於薩爾瓦多的聖薩爾瓦多都市區(西班牙語首字母縮寫為AMSS)，匯集該國重要政治、行政和經濟發展。 本研究的貢獻為，與決策者、政府部門和私營機構合作制定的AMSS永續發展戰略概念提案模型。在製定城市計劃時，可考慮採用此模式，並鼓勵實施新的法規和法律，推動薩爾瓦多城市的適應和永續發展性。 ;Cities are hubs of social development, economical opportunity and productivity. The fifty-four per cent of world population is living in cities and they are projected to keep growing along with the demand of housing and services. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released its Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) in 2014 affirming the main cause of climate change is anthropogenic. The increasing surface temperature is carrying negative impacts such as hotter temperatures, poles melting, sea level rise, coastal submergence and erosion, frequent precipitation and flooding. In developing countries the impacts are expected to be more significant. In 2015 the United Nation Framework Convention of Climate Change (UNFCCC) released the Sustainable Development Goals to reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions in a long term, underlining the important role of cities to accomplish sustainability through mitigation and adaption actions. Sustainability in cities is integrated by the equilibrium of the social, environmental and economic sectors boosting an integral development, including adaptation to climate variability. Several cities worldwide have been encountered with this barrier to develop their adaptation action plans and analyze them is part of the learning process to identify the adequate path for sustainability. El Salvador in spite of being a developing country and have no obligation to contribute to the climate negotiation is showing intentions in supporting the environmental targets to be resilient by 2025. However, cities in El Salvador are still attached to inefficient and unsustainable practices, moreover housing adaptation is not being considered in governmental policies. Climate change impacts demand a switch to new paradigms for urban development and El Salvador needs to establish the path to achieve sustainability and focus on the important element of dwelling. The Metropolitan Area of San Salvador (AMSS for its acronym in Spanish) located in El Salvador, gathers important politic, administrative and economic development in the country and the present research is focused in this region. The final contribution of the study is the proposal of a Conceptual Model of Strategies for a Sustainability Approach in the AMSS, elaborated in collaboration with policymakers, governmental sector and private institutions. The model can be considered in the elaboration of urban plans to encourage the implementation of new regulations and laws to impulse adaptation and sustainability in cities of El Salvador, from the aspect of housing.
