| 摘要: | 聯合國環境規畫署(UNEP)估算2010年全球人為大氣汞排放量為1960公噸，其中東亞與東南亞貢獻將近40%，為最主要排放源區；而中國人為排放量約占全球排放量的30%，則是高居世界第一；近年來中國大規模霧霾事件發生頻繁，並跨境傳輸影響台灣，可能也伴隨著大氣汞的輸入。此外，生質燃燒是重要大氣汞排放源，每年約釋出675公噸的汞，而中南半島與印尼是生質燃燒活動旺盛區域，我國鹿林山測站觀測資料顯示，每年3-4月中南半島生質燃燒排放之污染物可隨高層西風傳送至我國高山地區，導致大氣污染物(如一氧化碳、臭氧、懸浮微粒、大氣汞)濃度升高；此生質燃燒氣團在傳輸過程中有時會經過中國西南與華南，再進入台灣上空影響山區，除了生質燃燒的大氣汞，可能也伴隨中國人為活動的汞排放。相較之下，印尼7-10月生質燃燒以及印尼與菲律賓人為活動的大氣汞排放對於南海以及台灣的影響，相關研究與探討仍非常缺乏。本計畫研究目的為參與國際觀測實驗(如2018年秋季NASA東南亞飛航實驗Cloud, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex)，以及7-SEAS 2019春季氣膠傳送與雲交互作用國際密集實驗)，進行區域國際合作，於春季中南半島或是夏、秋季印尼生質燃燒期間，在發生源區(如泰國、越南、印尼或菲律賓)及下風處受體區(如我國太平島、東沙島、富貴角、竹子山、鹿林山或恆春等)的測站，進行大氣汞濃度與物種組成密集觀測，並與氣象、大氣輻射、其他大氣污染物觀測資料及區域模式整合，以特徵化不同之大氣汞排放源，研究傳輸過程中之物理與化學行為，探討區域大氣汞循環。本研究為三年期計畫，此計畫書為申請第一年(2018/8-2019/7)研究經費。 ;According to UNEP’s estimate, the global anthropogenic atmospheric Hg emission was 1960 metric tons in 2010. East and Southeast Asia is the major emission source region, contributing about 40% of the global emission. China is the top emitter, contributing about 30% of the global emission. In recent years, large-scale Chinese haze events occur frequently and sometimes influence Taiwan via trans-boundary transport, possibly accompanied by the export of atmospheric Hg. Biomass burning is another important emission source, releasing 675 metric tons of Hg to the atmosphere each year globally. Both Indonesia and the Indochina Peninsula are major biomass burning regions. Monitoring results of the Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (LABS) indicate that the springtime (March-April) biomass burning emission plumes from the Indochina Peninsula can influence the mountain air quality of Taiwan, resulting in elevated concentrations of air pollutants, such as CO, O3, aerosols, and Hg. During transport, the biomass burning plumes may pass southwest and south China before reaching Taiwan. As a result, the biomass burning plume could also carry and mix with the Chinese anthropogenic Hg emission to Taiwan. By contrast, studies concerning the influence of atmospheric Hg emissions, due to biomass burning and anthropogenic activities, from Indonesia and the Philippines to the South China Sea and Taiwan are extremely limited. Therefore, a 3-year research project is proposed to characterize atmospheric Hg emissions from different source regions, to study the physical and chemical transformation of Hg speciation during transport, and to discuss the regional atmospheric Hg cycle. This proposal is prepared for the application of research funding of the 1st year (2018/8-2019/7). Via regional international collaboration, intensive measurements of atmospheric Hg will be conducted at sites in the source region (Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia or the Philippines) and the downwind receptor sites in Taiwan (such as Taiping Island, Dongsha Island, Cape Fuguei, Mt. Bamboo, Mt. Lulin, or Hengchun) during the 2018 Cloud, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex) and the 2019 7-SEAS spring experiment. Meteorological information and data of atmospheric radiation and other air pollutants will be integrated with the Hg data for detail data analyses and discussion. |
