過去台灣及周邊國家對於空氣汙染的議題一直沒有一個聯合的區域性監測防治機制，反觀，歐美國家在區域合作上對跨境污染的防治成果斐然。隨著工業化和都市化的加速，海峽對岸的中國儼然成為亞洲空氣污染和污染跨境傳送的第一大國，為防治/減緩亞洲地區之空氣汙染(霾害)，大範圍的即時監測與污染物源區、傳送路徑與擴散預報等解析，儼然已成為最關鍵且迫切需要之項目。因此，本計畫初期將結合測站與衛星資料反演分層的PM2.5 (Particulate Matter)資訊，並整合高時空解析之繞極軌道(MODIS，MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)與地球同步衛星(H8，Himawari-8)資料，實現高時間解析與三維空間的氣膠分布資訊。藉由氣膠同化的技術開發，提供空氣汙染初始場空間分布資料，最後則透過天氣研究預報-化學模式(WRF-Chem，Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry)進行區域性的空污預報，以達成本計畫所設定於深化衛星資料在空污監測的能力，以及打破國界而成為區域性合作的先驅研究。針對此一目標，本研究將以深化衛星氣膠反演技術為基礎，進而建立東亞、東南亞區域的空污/細懸浮微粒監測與預警系統，所規劃三個期程分別為：第一年(107年度)、發展對數常態分布在氣膠消光係數的垂直廓線擬合之研發。其中，考慮了氣膠粒徑大小逕行辨識其種類(正規化梯度氣膠指數)以及環境相對濕度的修正，將衛星的AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth)結果反演成逐層的PM2.5資訊。第二年(108年度)、為提升衛星反演PM2.5技術的應用性，本計畫預期結合MODIS AOD以及逕自研發的H8 AOD反演結果(多輻射傳送方程法)，配合氣膠同化技術之研發，建構大尺度且高時空解析的三維空污資訊。第三年(109年度)、應用WRF-Chem或CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System)模式建立東亞、東南亞區域的空污監測與預報系統，並研究短期氣候與天氣變化與氣膠物化特性、生成及傳輸擴散的關係，達成亞洲地區即時監測與污染物源區、傳送路徑與擴散預報等先進遙測科技之研發與與應用。 ;The air pollution in Asia and Africa is the top issue in the world, which significantly impact on human health and environment/climate in regional and global scale. In particular, the man-made components of aerosols are increasing with industry growth in Asia. Since different aerosol types exhibit different absorption and scattering properties which can affect the solar incoming and outgoing radiance, the impacts on radiative forcing at the surface and the top of atmosphere will lead to changes of radiative budget, rainfall pattern and global climate. The previous studies indicate that it’s essential to consider aerosol parameters in atmospheric and climate models to retrieve more reasonable and accurate results. The investigation of aerosol source regions and pathway thus important to eliminate/prevent the severe air pollution in Asia. The construction of a real time monitoring and forecasting/warming system for a wide region air quality is urgently needed. Therefore, this research aims at the developing of the integration of satellite and ground based observations to fit the requirements of monitoring and forecasting/warming system in air quality, including (1) mapping aerosol vertical distribution with data from Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) in first year of this project, (2) aerosol data assimilation association with aerosol vertical distribution, AOD retrieval and aerosol partition for the initial condition of 3D aerosols during the second year, and (3) the examination and construction of the near real time monitoring and forecasting/warming system for air quality in Asia based on WRF-chem model in the last year.
