| 摘要: | 客家族群擁有豐沛的民俗祭典文化，不論是雅是俗、是自發或創發，都是與民眾關係最密切的生活文化。這種民間的日常生活實踐不只表現信仰及族群認同的力量，同時透過一次次的儀式，反覆向民眾傳遞隱含的價值理念。近年來客委會力推客庄十二大節慶，其中台三線的傳統義民祭和當代創發的客家桐花祭，都是社會關注焦點。客家文化祭典承載著在地知識及社會實踐的能量，但不可諱言地，也引發相關爭議，甚至影響族群形象。因此，本子計畫擬以義民祭和桐花祭為對象，探討祭典的設計與實作，以及在行動過程中所衍生的倫理爭議，並探討其與社會環境、自然環境互動的深層生態意涵及改變契機。 本計畫以三年為期，藉由文獻分析、參與觀察及深度訪談等方法，針對台三線上客庄義民祭神豬祭祀及桐花祭，探討祭典衍生出的人文、社會及生態影響，藉此延伸討論以下三個議題：一、現行義民祭在虔誠祭拜神明的同時，能否兼顧文化保存及動物倫理之社會期待？二、現行桐花祭引領民眾看見客庄土地山林之美的同時，能否兼顧文化產業與生態保育的目標？三、客家族群能否結合在地知識及社會實踐的能量，轉化現行祭典為兼容文化與生態智慧的新文化，從而發展成具備生命教育及生態教育功能的族群特色祭典？ ;There are plenty of festival culture of the Hakkas, no matter refined or popular tastes, spontaneous or innovated, all of them related to the daily life culture. The daily life practices not only show the power of faith and ethnic identification, but also deliver the implication of the value to the community through the rituals, time after time. The Hakka Affairs Council has promoted "the 12 Hakka festivals of a year" for many years, among which the traditional Festival--Hakka Yimin Festival, and the contemporary invented Festival--Tung Blossom Festival, both along The Third Taiwan Provincial Road, becoming the focal point of our society. Hakka cultural rituals display the local knowledge and the potential of social practice. However, obviously, there are some big controversies over the activities of Festivals spoiling the image of the Hakkas. Therefore, this study try to target the ritual of the Sacred Pigs and Hakka Tung Blossom Festival, to investigate the promotion, practice and the derived ethical controversies of the rituals. Exploring the deep ecological significance of the Hakka cultural festivals on social environment and natural environment, and providing the solutions. The study followed two festivals along The Third Taiwan Provincial Road for three years, through the method of documentary analysis, participant observation and in-depth interview, exploring the cultural, social and ecological impact derived from the festivals. There are three topics in the study: (1) Can the Yimin Festival meet the social expectations of the culture preservation and animal ethics while saluting gods? (2) Can Hakka Tung Blossom Festival deal with both goals of the cultural industries and ecological conservation, while guiding people to see the beauty of Hakka community? (3) Can the Hakkas integrate the power of the local knowledge and social practice; transform the traditional rituals to a new culture to include Hakka cultural and ecological wisdom comprehensively, develop as ethnical festivals with life and ecological education? |
