| 摘要: | 普惠金融的概念是指，社會上的人們透過使用金融相關的服務所獲得到的益處，惟其更加注重在開發中國家的貧窮人口；金融相關服務則包含帳戶、信用卡、保險、支付系統、金融商品等；所獲得的好處，以情境舉例:透過貸款受更高等的教育以提升人力資本，或是自行創業以獲取商業上的報酬。
本研究採用世界銀行的普惠金融資料庫的跨國資料，共3個年度144個國家，時間分別為2011年、2014年和2017年。本研究運用主成分分析法(Principal Component Analysis, PCA )建構出普惠金融指數(findex)，衡量各國普惠金融的程度，並嘗試探討普惠金融對於貧窮、創業、所得不均、女性賦權與企業家精神的關係。
實證結果顯示，普惠金融程度的提升，在所得不均的部分，高-中高所得國家與中低-低所得國家中皆無顯著的關聯。在貧窮的部分，高-中高與中低-低所得所得國家中皆無顯著的關聯。在創業與企業家精神的部分，高-中高所得國家中有正向顯著，而中低-低所得國家中則無明顯的效果。在女性賦權的部分，高-中高與中低-低所得所得國家中皆有正向顯著。
;The concept of financial inclusion is that people, especially the poverty group living in the developing countries, can get benefit from financial services, including accounts, credit card, payment system, financial product, and so on. The benefit, for example, is that people can enhance human capital by loan to educate themselves, or, that people can open the new business to get profit by loan.
This study use cross countries data from financial inclusion dataset of World Bank. There are 144 countries within the data and 3 years, 2011, 2014, 2017, respectively. In order to measure what degree of financial inclusion of countries are, this study utilize principal component analysis to make a financial inclusion index and try to figure out what is financial inclusion’s relation on poverty, distance to frontier, income inequity, female empower and entrepreneurship.
The empirical results show that when the degree of financial inclusion increase, there are no clear effect between income inequity and financial inclusion in the high and middle-high and middle-low and low income countries. As poverty, there are no clear effect in the high and middle-high and middle-low and low income countries. As distance to frontier and entrepreneurship, there are positive significantly in the high and middle-high countries, but there are no clear effect in the middle-low and low income countries. As female empower, there are positive significantly in the high and middle-high and middle-low and low income countries. |
