| 摘要: | 天然土壤由於表面帶有負電荷，對陽離子重金屬具有親和力，而對於有機污染物，通常因有機質含量過少，導致吸持效果不佳，無法同時對有機與無機污染物兼具吸持性。近年來，團聯共聚物之相關研究蓬勃發展，被廣泛應用於奈米材料產業，因此本研究將三種團聯共聚物嵌入高嶺石、伊萊石、鈣蒙特石進行改質，製備出黏土奈米複合材料，探討改質效果及對非離子、陰離子、陽離子污染物的吸持能力。
由土壤的特性鑑定發現，三種土壤改質後的有機碳含量皆高於改質前的土壤，透過FTIR的分析圖譜確認，改質土壤表面含有團聯共聚物上具備的特殊官能基，而從X光繞射分析得知每種改質土壤層隙間距皆有所提高，最後由ASAP分析得知土壤改質後其比表面積減少、孔洞大小增加，證實團聯共聚物已成功嵌入土壤中。
改質土壤於BTEX的吸持結果，可發現雖然有土壤機質含量提高，但因改質劑結構性質的影響，而使吸持效果有所差異，也可看出分佈常數（Kd）與有機碳含量確實有相關性，且經校正後得log Kom值皆大於文獻值。對無機污染物吸附的結果，可看出帶有羧基的改質土壤，在鹼性條件下對Cu2+及Pb2+有最高的吸附量；帶有胺基的改質土壤，在酸性條件下對Cr2O72-有最高的吸附量；同時帶有羧基及胺基的改質土壤對陰、陽離子的吸附量皆居中，而每種改質土壤對無機污染物的吸附量皆高於文獻中的天然土壤。綜合有機分佈與無機吸附實驗的結果，證實本研究之團聯共聚物改質土壤，可同時對非離子（BTEX）、陽離子（Cu2+、Pb2+）、陰離子（Cr2O72-）污染物兼具親和力。
;The natural soil possesses negatively charged and has high affinity for metal cations. But for the nonionic organic contaminats, due to lack of organic matters content, the capacity of partitioning is not effectively. Thus, the natural soil is not effective for the simultaneous removal of both organic and inorganic contaminats. In recent years, the researches of block copolymer are developed and have been widely applied on nanomaterial. Therefore, in this study, we use kaolinite, illite and Ca-montmorillonite which are intercalated diblock copolymer and tribiock copolymer separately to prepare clay-composite materials. Exploring the adsortion capacity of these clay-composite materials for noionic, cation and anion contaminats.
From the characterization analysis of the clay-composite materials, we found that the organic carbon content of these three soils was higher than that before been modified. The FTIR analysis, the spectrum showed that the modified clay suface contained the specific functional group of the block copolymer. As for the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was applied to reveal intercalated materials in the layer, which provides informations on layered structure and the basal spacing. The results showed that the basal spacing of the modified clays all increased and the increased degree was mainly dependent on the molecular weight and intercalated amount of the block copolymer. Finally, the ASAP analysis showed that the specific surface area decreased and the pore size increased after soil modification. These analytical data comfirmed that the block copolymer has been intercalated into the inter-layer of soil successfully.
The BTEX experimental results showed that although the modified clay organic matter content is increased, due to the structural properties of the modifier, the partitioning effect was defferent. Simultaneously, it can been observed that the partition coefficient (Kd) was indeed related to the organic matter content. Comparing to the literatures, the modified clay of this study possesses better distribution ability and higher log Kom values. The adsorption experiment of inorganic contaminats (Cu2+, Pb2+, Cr2O72-) showed that the modified clay with carboxyl group has the highest adsorption capacity for Cu2+ and Pb2+ under alkaline conditions. The modified clay with amine group has the highest adsorption capacity for Cr2O72- under acidic conditions. The modified clay with both carboxyl and amine group have the middle adsorption capacity for cation and anion contaminats. The adsorption capacity of inorganic contaminats adsorbed by each modified soil is higher than natural soil of the literature. Eventually, the results of comprehensive organic partitioning and inorganic adsorption experiments confirmed that the modified clay with block copolymer of this study provide the affinity of nonionic (BTEX), cation (Cu2+, Pb2+), anion (Cr2O72-) contaminats. |
