中國為全球最大的外人直接投資目的國與出口貿易國家。外資廠商在中國製造業的生產總值或出口均占有相當高的比重，對其經濟成長扮演著關鍵的角色。近年來，有關中國外資廠商出口行為的研究逐漸獲得重視，但仍有許多重要的議題缺乏深入的研究。本二年期研究擬進行外資行為相關議題的研究。首先，外資雖以出口為主，但中國龐大的內需市場仍吸引許多外資廠商以供應中國市場為主。在中國市場的競爭中，本土廠商面對外商的競爭壓力，可能導致其市場力量(markup)下降，但外資帶來的外溢效果以及中國市場特有的“關係”文化，也可能使得本土廠商的市場力量較高。相對的，外資固然有技術與管理的優勢，但卻面臨文化差異與市場潛規則的劣勢，在中國的市場力量未必較高。第一個議題為「逐鹿中原: 外資與本土廠商的市場力量及其決定因素」。 其次，外資的出口，特別是加工出口，與自母國或其他國家的中間財進口有關，故出口與進口的存續期間具相關性，應以聯立存續期間模型進行估計。對臺灣電子業而言，這是一個重要的議題，若中國電子業台商的進口存續期間很短，隱含中間財可能為當地廠商所取代，第二個研究議題為「垂直對外直接投資與出口和進口的存續期間:中國的台資電子廠商的實證研究」。 ;China is the largest destination country of foreign direct investment (FDI), as well as the largest export country. Foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) account for a large share of output and export in the manufacturing sector, contributing to sustaining China’s economic growth. Issues regarding FIEs’ export behaviors have received emerging concerns recently, while some crucial issues lacks in-depth investigations. This two-year project aims to analyze two research questions. First, although many FIEs undertake exports, the huge domestic market also attracts many FIEs to focus on serving the local market. Competition in the Chinese market, the competition pressure of FIEs might lower the markup of local firms, whereas the positive spillover effect brought about by FIEs and the distinct ‘Guanxi’ networks could help have a higher markup. Correspondingly, FIEs generally have superior technology and management knowledge, while they suffer disadvantages of cultural difference and other non-legal obstacles, resulting in a mixed influence on markups. This first issue we examine is “Competition in the Chinese Market: Do FIEs Have Higher Markups and Why (Not)?”。 Second, FIEs' exports, particularly process exports, are relate to intermediate goods imports from parent or other countries, suggesting that the durations of exports and imports are correlated. This issue is particularly relevant to Taiwanese electronics industries: if the duration of imports is much shorter than that of exports, it implies a substitution effect of intermediate goods by local firms. The second issue is “Vertical FDI and Durations of Exports and Imports: Evidence from Taiwan-owned Electronics Enterprises in China.” A correlated or simultaneous hazard model will be adopted in this study.
