| 摘要: | 台灣地區隨著人口增加迅速，原本具有保水以及調節水文循環能力之環境不斷地被開發，取代之的是不透水鋪面，而建築基地設置透水保水設施之目的不僅可以降低因強降雨產生之洪患水災，也可減少都市水循環問題，並減輕都市熱島之效應。
由研究結果可知，土壤的透水性與透水保水設施選用設置有關，如土層為回填土、沙土層時透水保水設施以綠地/披覆地所使用比例最高、若是土壤土層屬於黏土、高塑性黏土層則以花園土壤雨水截流為最常使用﹔在建置成本分析上綠地/草溝則是建置成本最低，故綠地/草溝，透水鋪面及花園土壤雨水截流此三種透水保水設施是建築工程最為常用之透水保水設施。
新北市將降雨延時縮小為1小時致使透水保水設施保水量大幅減少，如需滿足規定勢必原先所規劃之透水保水設施必須增加，但受限於建築基地面積難以再增加透水保水設施空間，且建置成本將倍增﹔而新北市將雨水滯洪及雨水回收容量可納入透水保水設施中所以最經濟之方法便是將地下室筏基空間再設置雨水滯洪及雨水回收容量便可滿足規定。
綠建築2015年改版修訂針對特殊保水項目公式係數調整，雖造成保水量大幅減少但可避免日後使用上遭遇因環境因素無法達到實際保水功效問題。
期待本文可讓民間建築工程在設計階段時參考選用透水保水設施以符合實務需求，以利永續經營發展。
;With the rapid increase of population in Taiwan, the environment that originally had the ability to retain water and regulate the hydrological cycle has been continuously replaced by the impervious pavement, the purpose of installing permeable and water-retention facilities in the construction base can not only reduce the flood disaster caused by heavy rainfall, it can also relieve the urban water cycle problem and reduce the urban heat island effect.
According to the research results, the water permeability of the soil is related to the selection and setting of permeable and water-retention facilities. When the soil layer is backfilled soil and sand layer, green land or covered land has the highest proportion in the permeable and water-retention facilities. If the soil layer is clay or high plasticity clay layer, the garden soil is the most commonly used for rainwater interception.
In the construction cost analysis, grassland or grass ditch has the lowest cost.
Therefore, grassland or grass ditch, permeable pavement, and garden soil rainwater interception are the most commonly used water-permeable and water-retention facilities in construction projects.
New Taipei City reduces rainfall duration to 1 hour, as a result, the water retention capacity of permeable water retention facilities has been greatly reduced, to meet the regulations, it is bound to increase the originally planned permeable and water-retention facilities.
In New Taipei City, limited by the area of the building base, it is difficult to increase the space of the permeable and water-retention facilities, and the construction cost will rise, but detention basins and rainwater reclaiming capacity can be included in permeable water retention facilities. The most economical way is to set up the raft space as detention basins and as rainwater reclaiming capacity, to meet the regulations.
The revision and revision of Green Building in 2015 are aimed at the adjustment of the formula coefficient of special water conservation projects. Although the water retention capacity has been greatly reduced, it can avoid the problem that the actual water retention effect cannot be achieved due to environmental factors in actual use.
Expecting this paper will allow civil construction projects to refer to the selection of permeable and water-retention facilities during the design stage, to meet practical needs, and facilitate sustainable development. |
