| 摘要: | 從中共建政到文革開始前，中國大陸發生了幾場具有影響力的戲曲論爭，其反映當代戲曲發展的美學追求與政治驅動力是什麼？本論文採用文獻分析法，運用中國大陸與台灣有關當代戲曲、文藝理論，以及和本研究相關之專書、工具書、期刊論文、學術論文、會議論文集、報紙文章等資料，尤其是當代戲曲形塑過程的資料，以及與當代戲曲史相關，戲曲寫實化發展方向的討論與爭論等，集中研究當代戲曲最具代表性的六場論爭──反歷史主義（神話劇）論爭、「戲曲藝術改革問題座談會」論爭、「推陳出新」論爭、「戲曲藝術革新」論爭、鬼戲論爭和京劇表現現代生活論爭，發現「十七年」戲曲這六場論爭同時受到三種傾向影
響，隨著戲曲改革運動的進展，其著重之處大致上從「戲劇真實」、「社會主義現實主義」，朝著「現代生活現實」的傾向逐漸轉移，亦即從戲曲美學標準、現實主義話劇美學標準、現實主義真實的政治標準，挪移至反映現代生活現實的政治標準。此三種傾向不但可解釋「十七年」戲曲論爭的趨勢，且能說明各場論爭中的起始與結果。;From the founding of the People′s Republic of China to the Cultural Revolution, there were several influential controversies on xiqu work in mainland China. What are the aesthetic pursuit and political driving force reflecting the development of contemporary drama?
To answer the above question, this dissertation adopts the literature analysis method with the theory of contemporary xiqu and art related to mainland China and Taiwan, as well as books, reference books, periodicals, literature, academic literature, conferences, anthologies, newspaper articles and other resources concerning this research. The references include the shaping process of the contemporary xiqu, the discussions and controversies related to the history of contemporary xiqu, the realistic development direction of xiqu, etc.
The dissertation focuses on the six most representative controversies on contemporary xiqu: the controversy over Anti-Historicism (mythical drama), the controversy about the forum on the reform of xiqu art, the controversy over "Innovation", the controversy over "the innovation of xiqu art", the controversy over "Beijing opera (Jingju) expresses the modern life". It is found that the sixteen controversies of the Seventeen-Year xiqu were affected by three tendencies at the same time.
With the progress of the Reform Movement of Xiqu, its emphasis has shifted from "dramatic reality" and "socialist realism" to "modern life reality", that is, from the aesthetic standards of drama and realism standards, real political standards of realism, moved to reflect the political standards of modern life. These three tendencies can not only explain the trend of Seventeen-Year xiqu controversy, but also explain the beginning and result of each controversy. |
