土地使用限制形成的特別犧牲之救濟 — 以司法院釋字第747號原因案件為例;Judicial Remedy for Special Sacrifices caused by Land use Restrictions – A Case Study of Interpretation No.747

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Title:	土地使用限制形成的特別犧牲之救濟 — 以司法院釋字第747號原因案件為例;Judicial Remedy for Special Sacrifices caused by Land use Restrictions – A Case Study of Interpretation No.747
Authors:	陳義寬;Chen, Yi-Kuan
Contributors:	法律與政府研究所
Keywords:	財產權;特別犧牲;土地使用限制;釋字第747號;Property right;Special sacrifice;Restriction of the land use;Interpretation No.747
Date:	2020-08-13
Issue Date:	2020-09-02 15:43:50 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	本論文以司法院釋字第747號原因案件為例，探討土地使用限制形成的特別犧牲之救濟。以往土地徵收案件除法律有規定，人民無主動要求政府徵收土地之公法請求權。本號解釋大法官賦予「土地所有權人得請求需用土地人向主管機關申請徵收地上權」。惟此與聲請解釋之主張相差甚遠，聲請人請求徵收「土地所有權」非「地上權」。其二，土地所有權人未能直接向主管機關申請，將無法迅速且簡便的達到救濟目的。本論文共分為玖章，為探討如何達到實質救濟目的 (正當程序與合理補償)，本文採取文獻研究及案例分析方法，第壹章緒論後緊接著於第貳章評析釋字第747號原因案件裁判；第叁章說明釋字第747號解釋突破實務上補償法定原則之見解；第肆章說明現行土地徵收條例對特別犧牲之救濟不足；第伍章為釋字第747號解釋對救濟不足解決方式；第陸章則是探討釋字第747號解釋尚遺留問題；第柒章評析釋字第747號公布後特別犧牲相關案件判決；第捌章就立法院內政委員會審查通過（民國 107 年 3 月 27 日）之土地徵收條例草案，於草案內容觀察更盡完善之救濟方式，並於第玖章結論提出建議方案：「建請讓土地所有權人能直接向主管機關申請」。希冀該結論作為研究土地徵收條例修正者參考。 ;This study examines the remedy of special sacrifice resulting from land use restrictions, explored by Interpretation No. 747 of the Judicial Yuan. The administrative court held, in line with the court’s precedents, that landowners were not entitled to request the government to take their land, except as provided by law. The ruling of Interpretation No. 747 broke this strict rule and granted landowners the right to “request the land use applicant to apply to the competent authorities for expropriating land surface rights”. However, the petitioner was asking for condemnation of “land ownership” instead of “land surface rights”. Secondly, the landowner’s failure to apply directly to the competent authority poses a hindrance to prompt and simple relief. This study is divided into nine chapters. In order to explore how to obtain the effective relief (due process and reasonable compensation), the research adopts a literature research and case analysis approach. Chapter 1 introduces the Interpretation No.747, followed by Chapter 2, which analyzes the reasoning of the decision; Chapter 3 explains the interpretation’s breakthrough of the administrative court’s precedents by granting landowners a right to request condemnation; Chapter 4 explains the loophole of the current Land Expropriation Act to provide effective remedy for special sacrifices, Chapter 5 proposes a solution to the inadequate remedy offered by Interpretation No. 747; Chapter 6 exposes the unsolved problems left behind by Interpretation No.747. Chapter 7 assesses the judgments on cases related special sacrifice after the promulgation of Interpretation No.747; Chapter 8 reviews the drafts of the Land Expropriation Act passed by the Internal Administration Committee of the Legislative Yuan (R.O.C.) on March 27, 2018, analyses the proposed remedies in the Bill, and concludes with recommendations in Chapter 9: “Landowners should be entitled to apply directly to the competent authorities”.
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