| 摘要: | 經濟部在1989年推動一鄉鎮一特產的政策，期望台灣各個鄉鎮能找出屬於自己的地方特色。卓蘭以「水果」作為行銷卓蘭的特色農產品，因為自然環境的適合，卓蘭出產的水果以水梨、葡萄、柑橘和楊桃最為有名。這四項水果中，楊桃是本論文欲研究的目標水果，因為卓蘭的楊桃口感獨特，大部分吃過的人都會在腦海中留下對楊桃美妙滋味的深刻記憶。
楊桃與客家的連結是屬地、也是屬人的關係，因為楊桃種植的所在地卓蘭鎮，是一個客家鄉鎮，廣義來說客家人口約有89.2%，所以我們稱之為客庄特色產業。目前，卓蘭楊桃產業的市占率有逐年下降的趨勢。所以本論文的研究目的即是：一、了解卓蘭楊桃的產業史。二、探究楊桃的種植知識、資金來源與人力來源。三、了解楊桃對地方發展的影響。
研究者用深入訪談法的半結構訪談，多次到卓蘭地區訪問10位楊桃果農，這些受訪者都是家族目前仍在經營楊桃園的果農。訪談之後，分析、歸納受訪者回答的資料，主要探討卓蘭楊桃產業的變遷歷程、種植知識、資金來源、銷售管道，以及與地方發展的關係。
研究結果發現，卓蘭地區的楊桃是在歷史流變中的其中一項產物；果農的知識來自於家族或者是自身的社會網絡、資金需求不會構成問題、銷售管道多元，最後，楊桃產業在全盛時期促進地方的繁榮與發展，目前處於衰退期的楊桃產業，依舊是地方發展的重要因素之一。建議由產官學合作，學校培育人才、跨產業共同合作，期望楊桃產業可以重新成為影響卓蘭地方發展的主要產業之一。
;Taiwanese Ministry of Economic Affairs proposed “One Town One Product”, also known as OTOP, in 1898, aiming at helping counties to create their own local features. Zhuolan township is famous for agricultural products of “Fruits” as the marketing feature. Due to decent environment for agriculture, Zhuolan township features Asian pears, grapes, tangerines, and star fruit. Among these four types of fruits, star fruit is discussed and researched by this essay. Many people have deep memories of delicious taste of Zhuolan star fruit due to its special texture.
The connection between star fruit and Hakka people is not only because of the region where has conditions for it but also because of people who have star fruit playing a role in their culture. Since star fruit is planted in Zhuolan township, a Hakka township, and Hakka population takes up to 89% according to broadly definition; it is also called Hakka distinctive industry. Recently, the percentage of Zhuolan star fruit in marketplace gradually decreases year by year. As a result, the purposes of this research include, first, understanding the history of Zhuolan star fruit industry; second, discovering the technique of planting star fruit, capital source, and source of labor supply; third, discussing the influence of star fruit on local development.
The researcher uses semi-structured interview from in-depth interview, visiting many times to 10 star fruit framers in Zhuolan, and those farmers are still running star fruit business. After collecting, analyzing, and organizing interviewers’ information, the essay mainly discusses the changes of Zhuolan star fruit industry, the knowledge of planting star fruit, capital source, sale channels, and the relation to local development.
Research shows that the star fruit industry in Zhuolan was one the productions from history; knowledge of planting star fruit came from the family heritage or farmers’ social networking; needs of the capital is not a big issue, the market of star fruit is pretty broad; last but not least, star fruit industry boosted local development and brought prosperity in its golden era. Star fruit industry is fading away from the market gradually, but it still remains as one of important factors to local development. Suggesting actions such as cooperation of industry-government-university, cultivation of talents, and cross-industry cooperation can be taken, hoping Zhuolan star fruit industry becoming one of the most influential industries in Zhuolan township and help the local development again. |
