| 摘要: | 馬來西亞歷經多元族群的融合，且歷經多種語言接觸，除了在地的馬來語、英語、華語之外，依華人袓籍來源地不同而有不同的方言，包括褔建話、廣東話、客家話、潮州話及海南話等。在多種語言環境接觸下，其語音產生變化，是否保有原鄉的用語，或是已融入在地文化借用各方言借詞，而出現新創新詞。這些長期生活在多族群多種語言的華人，在此環境中其生活是否會造成溝通上的不便。將是本文探討的目的。
本論文共分六章，第一章為緒論，說明研究動機與目的、研究方法與步驟，相關文獻及調查方言點地理位置概況。第二章為語音系統說明，主要為整理田野調查的古來豐順客家話聲、韻、調之語音系統語料。第三章將古來豐順客家話與中古音韻比較，探討古來豐順客家話語音演化跟發展。第四章以第二、三章古來豐順客家話語音特點與比較，整理出較具特色的語音現象。第五章古來豐順客家話、曼谷豐順客家話、原鄉豐順客家話與臺灣東勢客家話的詞彙作比較分析，古來豐順詞彙因生活環境條件之不同，而新增許多原鄉及臺灣東勢客家話所沒有的詞彙。第六章為結論。
地理位置造就語音的多樣性、豐富性，因與多元的族群的方言接觸影響，導致同質性高的方言往不同的方向演變；而異質性高的語音表現方向演變。保留了多數客家話的共性，以及極珍貴的古漢語、底層詞彙，同時兼收存古的特點，展現出今日古來豐順客家話保守與創新並存的語音面貌。
關鍵字：古來豐順、族群、客家話、借詞、語音特點
;Malaysia has experienced the integration of multi-ethnic groups and has undergone a variety of language contacts. In addition to the Local Malay, English, and Chinese, there are different dialects according to the origin of Chinese people, including Fujian dialect, Cantonese dialect, Hakka dialect, Chaozhou Dialect, and Hainan dialect. Under the contact of multiple language environment, its pronunciation changes, whether it retains the original language, or has integrated into the local culture and the loanwords from various dialects, resulting in the emergence of new words. For these Chinese who have lived in many ethnic groups and languages for a long time, whether their lives in this environment will cause communication inconvenience. It will be the purpose of this article.
This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, which mainly explains the motivation and goal of the research, research methods and procedures, references and geographical overview of the locations where the dialects are investigated. The second chapter gives explanation of the phonetic system, the main is according to the consonants, vowels and tone of the fieldwork about the Feng Shun dialect in Kulai to organize the dialect’s phonetic system. The third chapter is a comparison between the Feng Shun dialect in Kulai and the middle Chinese to discuss the sound evolvement and development of the Feng Shun dialect in Kulai. The fourth chapter collates the phonetic features of the Feng Shun dialect in Kulai, following the phonological features and comparison of the second and third chapter, and highlights the more sound’s phonetic characteristics. The fifth chapter compares and analyzes the lexicons of the Feng Shun dialect in Kulai, Fengshun dialect in Bangkok, Fengshun dialect in Mainland China and Dongshi dialect in Taiwan. Due to the different living environments in Kulai there have been many new lexicons which are not included in Mainland China and Dongshi dialect in Taiwan. The sixth chapter is the conclusion.
Through the comparison, we can conclude that the geographical location creates the diversity and richness of phonetics. Due to the influence of dialect contact with multiple ethnic groups, the dialect with high homogeneity evolves in different directions, while the phonetic expression direction with high heterogeneity evolves. It retains the common features of most Hakka dialects and the extremely precious ancient Chinese and the underlying vocabulary. At the same time, it also preserves the old characteristics, showing the conservative and innovative phonetic features of Fengshun dialect.
Keyword ：Kulai Fengshun, ethnic group, Hakka, loanword, phonological feature |
