桂永清與戰後海軍重整

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题名:	桂永清與戰後海軍重整
作者:	郭起斌;Kuo, Chi-Bin
贡献者:	歷史研究所在職專班
关键词:	桂永清;海軍派系;海軍總司令;陸軍領導海軍;海軍重整;海軍白色恐怖;Kwei Yung-Ching;Naval faction;Commander in chief of the navy;Army leads the Navy;Naval reorganization;Naval white terror
日期:	2020-07-16
上传时间:	2020-09-02 19:14:13 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	由於對日作戰期間，中華民國海軍的艦艇兵力幾乎消耗殆盡，僅存十數艘小型江防艦艇，戰爭晚期政府藉由「借艦參戰」之時機，派員赴美、英兩國受訓接艦，亟欲重整海軍。然當時以陳紹寬為首的中央海軍，與軍事委員會在海軍戰後復員的意見經常相左，對政府「剿共」命令亦無法貫徹，使得蔣中正著手改造海軍組織體系，以有效掌握海軍。民國35年（1946）9月，國民政府任命時任駐德國軍事代表團團長的桂永清為海軍副總司令，並兼代總司令，至民國37年（1948）8月真除。桂永清為有效掌控海軍總部，採用大批陸軍舊屬隨之進入海軍總部任重要軍職，使得原為中央海軍主力的「閩系」軍官頓失舞台，「青島系」與「電雷系」亦成桂永清倚重的焦點，原本海軍派系相互傾軋的問題，未獲改善。然桂永清如何以陸軍中將身分進入海軍，執掌海軍兵符，負責戰後海軍之重建工作，為本文首要之探討重點。隨戡亂戰局逆轉，海軍在民國38年（1949）肇生多起艦艇投共事件，桂永清遭「撤職留任」處分，使日後海軍在遷臺與在臺重建的過程中，許多閩籍官兵或牽連人員在桂永清「反共」的名義下，莫名遭逢關押整肅，甚至失去生命，造成「海軍白色恐怖」事件。雖然桂永清的領導風格引起爭議，但仍是率領海軍在臺整訓，使海峽局勢維持穩定，受到蔣中正的高度肯定。民國41年（1949）3月，桂永清在一番波折下交出海軍指揮權，轉任總統府參軍長，兩年後再升任參謀總長職務，卻於視事43天後於家中猝逝，死因亦引起爭議。 ;During the war against Japan, the naval forces of the Republic of China were almost exhausted, and there were only a dozen small river defense ships. In the late war, the government used the opportunity of "borrowing a ship to participate in the war" to send personnel to the United States and Britain to receive training. Urgently want to reorganize the navy. However, the Central Navy, headed by Chen Shao-kuan, often disagreed with the Military Commission′s post-war demobilization, and failed to implement the government′s "communist" order, making Chiang Kai-shek reform the naval organization system to effectively control the navy. In September 1946, the National Government appointed Kwei Yung-Ching, then head of the military delegation to Germany, as deputy commander-in-chief of the navy, and acting as commander-in-chief until August 1948. In order to effectively control the Naval Headquarters, Kwei Yung-Ching adopted a large number of old army officers and then entered the Naval Headquarters to take up important military positions, which made the "Fu-Jian" officers who were the main force of the Central Navy disappear from the stage, " Ching-Dau " and " Dian-Lei ". It has also become the focus of Kwei Yung-Ching ′s reliance, and the original problem of naval faction dumping has not been improved. Kwei Yung-Ching how to enter the navy as an army lieutenant, take charge of the naval troupe, and take charge of the reconstruction of the navy after the war, which is the primary focus of this article. Following the reversal of the chaotic war situation, the navy caused a number of incidents in 1949, and Kwei Yung-Ching was punished by "removal and retention." Under the name of "Anti-Communist", Kwei Yung-Ching was inexplicably imprisoned and punished, and even lost his life, resulting in a "Navy White Terror" incident. Although Kwei Yung-Ching ′s leadership style caused controversy, he still led the navy to conduct training in Taiwan to maintain the stability of the strait situation, which was highly affirmed by Chiang Kai-shek. In March 1949, Kwei Yung-Ching surrendered naval command under some twists and turns, and was transferred to the chief of the presidential palace. Two years later, he was promoted to the post of chief of staff. However, he died at home 43 days later, and the cause of death also caused dispute.
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