近年來，開口契約廣泛應用於公共工程之維修與搶修，使機關能透過事先預約的固定單價式採購契約，依實際施作的數量計價，進行地點、項目及數量皆不確定的維護工程，有效利用有限的經費。自開口契約於民國90年代執行以來，亦產生了許多執行上的爭議，這些爭議有些為工程採購中普遍常見的紛爭，亦有些為開口契約所特有的紛爭。而目前對於開口契約特有實際爭議案例的分析研究較為缺乏。 有鑒於此，本研究針對開口契約之施工契約(工程採購)，透過行政院公共工程委員會所頒佈最新契約範本之比較以及文獻之回顧，整理出開口施工契約與一般工程契約相比之特點。並藉由司法院法學資料檢索系統，以關鍵字「開口契約」、「民事」、「工程」交集，找出241篇由民國109年4月22日至民國95年9月28日之間的開口契約相關爭議判決，透過篩選及分析後整理出六種開口契約特有之爭議類型，分別為履約金額超出契約上限金額之爭議、開口施工契約備料是否足夠之爭議、業主未開立施工通知單之履約延遲爭議、通報單分項工程逾期違約金爭議、保固期計算爭議、業主於履約期限內另為發包之爭議，並分別舉出案例研析，並提出建議之處理流程，讓未來爭議發生之時能有較佳之處置，避免訴訟之發生。;Open-end Contract (or Open Contract, OC) is a form of contract whose terms do not constitute the entire agreement between the contracting parties and whose clauses or provisions can be changed or modified without mutual consent. Recently, OC has been widely adopted in maintenance or emergency repair in public works. This practice allows government agencies to react to situations rapidly while fully abiding by the rules of Government Procurement. Along with the common use of OC, some prominent disputes specific to OC are gradually seen. This increased trend of OC-related disputes reflects the possible defects located in current OC terms.
This purpose of this work is to examine the above-mentioned trend, and to try to identify the possible defects of OC terms, as well as the remedies to them. This work first reviews a series of form contracts propagated by Public Construction Commission, Executive Yuan. The prominent features and characteristics are identified from this review. This work then investigates the entire database of Judiciary Yuan legal cases, dated from 2006 to 2020; and with proper keywords, a total of 241 cases are crossed referenced.
Out of the 241 cases, there are high concentration on six major dispute types, including budget ceiling, reserved materials, notice to proceed, staged delay damages, warranties, and duplicate contracting. This work targets at the six types of disputes and collects expert opinions in resolving those disputes. This work also proposes a list of recommendations for relevant government agencies to refine their OC for future use.
