近年來台灣受到平均壽命延長以及生育率下降等影響，勞動力平均年齡逐漸增加，其中營建業身為工業火車頭，勞動力為專案投入項目中非常重要之一環，然而目前國內營建業專業技術工種勞動力之年齡分布情形，以及中高齡專業技術工種之工作能力，目前尚未能具體掌握，因此本研究目的為(1)瞭解國內營建業模板組立工、鋼筋(加工)工、泥作工以及水電工等四項專業技術工種之年齡分布情形。(2)分析營建業專業技術工種工作能力指數結果，並與國內其他職業比較。(3)分析營建業專業技術工種工作能力指數之影響因素。本研究以第一階段專家訪談先對欲探討之專業包商進行訪談，彙整意見後納入工作能力指數問卷，並於第二階段針對台灣本島西部主要城市進行發放及填寫，以了解目前營建業專業技術工種之個人背景、健康生活習慣以及職場環境對工作能力指數之影響。最後本研究共計受訪者161人，結果顯示營建業專業技術工種工作能力指數平均39.1分，另外進行工作能力等級分類，結果顯示台灣營建業專業技術工種工作能力分別佔弱(32%)、普通(53%)、良(10%)以及優(5%)，與工作能力得分有關的顯著因素包含人口學因素(如年齡、婚姻狀況)、健康生活習慣因素(如對酒精依賴程度、運動習慣、睡眠狀況以及自覺健康狀況)以及職業因素(如工作年資、工作滿意度以及工作時的不利因素)，因此建議就業者本身應注重健康生活習慣，另外建議雇主有義務減少職場中不利於勞工之環境因素，提供良好的輔助工具以減輕體力上的負擔，皆可以間接地提升勞工工作能力。;Due to a prolonged lifespan and a reduced fertility rate, construction productivity has been in decline for more than a decade. A precarious situation is the greying of construction workforce. In one aspect, an aged worker often reflects his responsive experience and responsible attitude; on the other, the future of construction is doomed without the replenishment of fresh force into the industry. The aim of this work is to investigate the ageing phenomenon of four critical specialty trades in construction, namely: formwork, rebar work, concrete plastering, and electrical work. For the four trades, this work will analyze their work ability index, and compare with that in other industries. This work also discusses potent factors which dictate construction work ability. This work begins with a series of interviews with specialty subcontractors. The insights acquired from the interviews are organized and structured into a questionnaire which is adopted for a large-scale industry survey. A total of 161 specialty workers returned the questionnaire. The result of the survey shows that the average work ability index is 39.1; the grading of specialty worker’s job performance is weak (32%), average (53%), good (10%) and extraordinary (5%). It is also found that potent factors affecting job performance include demography, health, and job characteristics. This work also suggests that reducing malign factors surrounding job environment and the provision of job-assisting tools would effectively increase job productivity.
