| 摘要: | 本計畫根據109年度防災科技學門坡地災害領域提出之「邊坡變形、破壞與運移堆積之先進調查、試驗、分析模擬技術發展或現有技術精進」研究課題之架構為基礎，符合研究課題2-1之第7項: 多元尺度調查方法於邊坡破壞特性、監測及整治工法評估之研究，其中有關觀測與監測技術部分提出以下計畫研擬。台灣地區岩石邊坡受氣候與地震等環境因子影響下而有高度風險，前期研究根據不同的調查尺度及資料精度，探討岩石邊坡之地形地質條件與破壞機制，再針對不同觸發因子分析岩坡穩定性，以模擬岩坡滑動之影響範圍，但前期整體計畫主要以實驗與數值分析為主，仍欠缺實質監測技術研發、應用與驗證，因此於監測預警方面，本子計畫七預定以「多重時空間尺度監測技術融合於岩石邊坡預警與整治應用之研發」為研究課題。本子計畫將基於子計畫1之調查成果，及子計畫3~6針對不同岩坡破壞機制，基於不同時間與空間尺度之監測技術整合，對示範坡地進行一綜合監測預警架構研擬與資料整合回饋分析，研發技術將包含不同之時空間尺度。首先監測之空間尺度將從大面積衛星或地面(ground based) InSAR 監控長期LOS (Line of Sight)變位，結合局部區域雙頻可犧牲式之GNSS位移監測元件開發，進行比對與驗證使用；再者以子計畫2成果基礎，同步研發光學與熱簡易型監測模組於岩坡表面之長期性即時影像測量(photogrammetry)；本計畫另以新式光纖分佈(Distributed optical fiber sensor)技術為主，嘗試引進並測試包含分佈型應變感測(Distributed strain sensing)，先配合於子計畫2、3、4之室內試驗評估後，藉以用於岩坡變型監測；延伸以分佈型震動感測(Distributed Acoustic Sensing, DAS)進行震動(地震或落石)，乃至於長期型震測分析，可進一步觀察於岩坡內部之波速行為隨時間之變化；另外透過時域反射法(Time Domain Reflectometry, TDR)，可用於岩釘或地錨等整治工法之監測。本子計畫基於上述不同監測方法之整合與研發，藉以反饋於至各子計畫物理與數值模式率定與校正參考。 ;The rock slopes in Taiwan are highly risky due to the influence of climate and earthquakes. In the previous research, according to different survey scales and data accuracy, the geological conditions and failure mechanisms of the rock slopes were discussed, and the rock slopes were analyzed for different trigger factors, simulating the impact range of rock slope sliding, but the overall project in the early stage is mainly based on laboratory experiments and numerical analysis. It still lacks application and verification of substantive monitoring technology. The research and development of multi spatio-temporal scale monitoring technologies integrated into the early warning of rock slopes is main topic of this sub-project. This task will be based on the survey results of Sub-project 1 and Sub-projects 3 to 6 for different rock slope failure mechanisms and approach monitoring technologies at different time and space scales. First, the space scale to be monitored will be from long-range satellite or ground based InSAR monitoring long-term LOS (Line of Sight) displacement, combined with the development of dual-band sacrificial GNSS displacement monitoring device in the local area for comparison and verification; Furthermore, based on the results of Sub-project 2, the simultaneous development of long-term real-time photogrammetry of a simple optical and thermal image modules will be applied on the surface monitoring of a rock slope. In order to introduce and test distributed strain sensing by optical fiber, conjunction with laboratory tests and evaluations accompanied to Sub-projects 2, 3, and 4 for monitoring slope deformation will be proceeded; extended to distributed vibration sensing (Distributed Acoustic Sensing, DAS) for vibration (earthquake or falling rocks), or even long-term seismic analysis, can further observe the change of the shear wave velocity in the rock slope with time; in addition, through the time domain reflection method (Time Domain Reflectometry, TDR ), which can be used to monitor rock nails or anchors. This Sub-project is the integrated base of the above-mentioned novel monitoring methods, so as to feed back to the calibration and validation of the physical and numerical modes of each sub-projects. |
