| 摘要: | 運動員於競賽的過程中，當需要快速執行的動作反應時，通常會預期目標物可能會出現的時間點，並動態地調整準備狀態以達到最佳的表現。本團隊過去的研究中也發現，動作準備歷程（temporal preparation）對運動表現極為重要（王心怡、王駿濠與阮啟弘，2016；張哲千、王駿濠、阮啟弘，2014；張哲千、許哲禕與王駿濠，2018），然而，在我們過去的研究裡，卻發現這項反應優勢與動作準備歷程相關的成份波CNV (contingent negative variance)較無關聯(張哲千等人，2018)，這可能與認知作業的設計或研究方法有關。因此這極短暫準備歷程的認知心理與神經生理機制卻仍不明確。因此，要如何有系統地測量並預測運動員動作準備的認知歷程，是相當值得關注與投入的議題。為此，本研究團隊擬運用腦電波（Electroencephalography）、捏/握力偵測分析器（pinch/grip force analyzer）與全息希爾伯特頻譜分析（Holo-Hilbert Spectrum Analysis, HHSA; Huang et al, 2016）等各種精密的認知神經科學儀器和最新的非線性動態數據分析方法，並透過精確的認知作業實驗設計，探討具運動（包含：開放式運動（open-skill)中的持拍類運動、閉鎖式運動(closed-skill)及未規律運動 (sedentary) 等組別）經驗，對於動作準備、時間知覺、反應抑制、注意力控制的影響，以及這些認知能力反映在不同運動種類上的差異。我們規劃將研究分為兩個環節：第一部分著重於動作準備對時間知覺及運動行為的影響與機制探討；第二部份則將探究運動準備歷程對注意力精準控制與反應抑制的影響與機制。我們期望藉此探究運動準備歷程與基礎認知能力二者的關係與背後的神經機制，進而系統化地建構出推測運動員潛能與表現的基礎模型，提供選訓委員、教練、指導者與運動員等，發展更完善的運動訓練、評估方法及能力提昇等建議，創造更臻完善的體育運動環境。 ;Athletes usually predict the timing precisely when they respond to the stimuli apace in the games, and show their best performance. Our previous lines of work have investigated that motor preparation is critical for athletic performance (Wang, Wang, & Juan, 2016; Chang, Wang, Juan, 2014; Chang, Hsu, & Wang, 2018). Based on the findings, we suggested that tennis players might be less affected by temporal uncertainty, resulting in greater task performance. However, such superior ability might be mostly attributed to attentional allocation during target processing rather than motor preparation (Chang et al., 2018). Motor preparation processes revealed a close association between precise tempo-spatial motor control abilities and mental representation. Nevertheless, it is still in lack of comprehensive research probing the assessments of perception processes, responsible decisions, precise strength of the force and the status of neural activities concurrently. Therefore, the critical issue is to measure and predict the interactions of attention, working memory as well as motor control and sports performance simultaneously.Thus, the proposed research aims to investigate the influences of sports, which will include open-skill sport, closed-skill sport, and sedentary groups, on cognitive functions such as time perception, motor preparation, response inhibition, attentional control and working memory. Furthermore, the differences in sports performance reflected by those cognitive functions will also be explored. Our research group will be employing the precision cognitive neuroscientific equipment such as electroencephalography (EEG), pinch/grip force analyzer which is cooperated with the well-defined cognitive tasks and also applying the novel nonlinear dynamic data analytical method such as Holo-Hilbert Spectrum Analysis (HHSA; Huang et al., 2016; Nguyen et al., 2019a&b). The proposed work comprises two phases. The first phase focuses on the investigation of time perception as well as precise motor preparation. The second phase will be examing the role of motor control in specific sports. Through the investigation of the relations and underlying neural mechanisms of precise temporal preparation in sports and basic cognitive functions, the basic model of athletes’ potentials and performance speculation will be constructed systematically. Therefore, the findings, models, and theories derived from this study may provide suggestions to researchers, training committees, coaches, instructors and athletes for developing more ideal and precise sports training programs, the assessment of athletes’ performance and the improvement of sports capabilities. |
