| 摘要: | 評點學發展至清代，已有相當完備之體系。明代中葉後，隨著通俗文學的流播，遂使小說戲曲等文體一同進入評點系統，豐富評點學之內涵。又自宋代古文運動以後，研讀《史記》蔚為風潮，《史記》之文遂成文人士子心中理想的古文典範。影響所及，遂使《史記》評點之作應運而生，於明中葉後邁入高潮，至清代更是達極盛。在清代前中期眾多《史記》評點之作中，不流於感悟式之評點，且能有獨立於原文之外，具系統性之讀法；兼之具有精華本之概念選本，不落於前人大部頭之宏篇鉅製，惟有王又樸《史記七篇讀法》一書，此書亦為清代唯一一部關於《史記》讀法之專門著作。
本論文以王又樸《史記七篇讀法》為研究論題，從介紹王又樸學思歷程談起，分二節論述其生平事蹟與學術淵源，得出王氏重德之思想，以及受桐城方苞「義法說」之浸潤，對於評點《史記》之影響。
第三章與第四章則為論文主體，第三章旨在探究《史記七篇讀法》之大義與敘事技巧。王氏以「人能弘道」作為聯繫七篇之內在理路，並透過該傳主人物是否盡份於自我之角色職責，闡揚太史公之深意，不同於一般世俗對此七篇或言「命」，或言其他之論。論敘事技法，除承襲第二章對於受業方苞「義法說」之外，結合金嘆聖敘事技法，或直接承襲、或借鑑其概念，自鑄新詞，均融合「義法說」之內涵，藉由史事的兩相對比，由此得出史公「比事屬辭」之深文旨趣。
第四章旨在說明王氏評史之思想，最為突出之特色，一為「道德、事功一體不二」之思想，二為「理勢合一」之闡發。前者延續七篇大義中「人能弘道」之理，強調王氏對人物之評價，並非宋明儒之聖人君子絕對道德化立場，而是將歷史人物放置於該職份中，考察其具體事功之發揮，由此而顯道的價值。採取道德評價結合歷史判斷，從人物職分去論功過、定是非。後者則透過〈項羽本紀〉一篇去理解楚漢相爭的歷史，關注歷史發展之理，以此篇為例以見大。並將英雄與時勢兩要件一同放入歷史中，以此明項羽、劉邦二人成敗始末。結論處則提出王氏讀法之限制與缺失，並推估其未顯當世之因素，並將其著作，於清代《史記》學中，予以客觀評價。
;Comparative research developed to the Qing Dynasty and has a fairly complete system. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, with the spread of popular literature, novels, operas and other styles entered the criticism system together, enriching the connotation of Comparative research. Since the ancient prose movement in the Song Dynasty, the study of "Historical Records" has become a trend, and the articles of "Historical Records" have become ideal ancient prose models in the minds of writers. As far as the impact was reached, the commentary of "Historical Records" came into being. It reached its climax after the mid-Ming Dynasty and reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty. Among the many "Historical Records" commentaries in the early and mid-Qing Dynasty, they are not based on sentimental comments, and can have a systematic reading method independent of the original text; at the same time, they have the conceptual selection of the essence of the book, which does not fall into Wang Youpu’s book "Seven Readings of Historical Records" was the only major production of the predecessor′s great tombs. This book was also the only special work on the reading of "Historical Records" in the Qing Dynasty.
This thesis takes Wang Youpu′s "Seven articles of shiji" （《史記七篇讀法》）as the research topic. It starts from the introduction of Wang Youpu′s life and learning process, and divides into two sections to discuss his life and academic origins, and draws Wang′s thoughts on virtues and the influence of Tongcheng Fangbao（桐城方苞） The infiltration of "Yifa" （義法）has an influence on the commentary on "Historical Records".
The third and fourth chapters are the main body of the thesis, and the third chapter aims to explore the meaning and narrative skills of "Seven Readings of Historical Records". Wang used "people to promote the Tao" as the internal reason for linking the seven chapters, and through whether the main character of the biography has fulfilled his role and responsibilities, he explained the profound meaning of Taishigong, which is different from the general secular saying about the seven articles or "fate." , Or other theories. In terms of narrative techniques, in addition to inheriting the "Yi Fa theory" of Fangbao in the second chapter, combined with Jin Tansheng′s narrative techniques, or directly inherited or borrowed from its concepts, he created new words, all integrated with "Yi Fa theory" The connotation, through the comparison of the two historical facts, leads to the profound essay of Shi Gong′s "comparison with words".
The fourth chapter aims to illustrate the most prominent features of Wang′s thoughts on history review, one is the idea of "morality and work are one unit", and the other is the elucidation of "the unity of reason and power". The former continues the principle of "people can promote the Tao" in the seven great meanings, and emphasizes that Wang′s evaluation of characters is not an absolute moral position of the sage of Confucian scholars in the Song and Ming dynasties. Instead, it places historical figures in this position and examines their specific deeds. Give play to the value of Tao. Adopt moral evaluation combined with historical judgments to discuss merits and demerits from the position of the character and determine right from wrong. The latter understood the history of the struggle between Chu and Han through the article "The Benji of Xiang Yu" and paid attention to the theory of historical development. Take this article as an example to see the big picture. And put the hero and the current situation into the history together, so as to illustrate the success and failure of Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. The conclusion section puts forward the limitations and deficiencies of Wang′s reading method, and estimates the factors that are not obvious in the current world, and gives him an objective evaluation of his works in the study of shiji in the Qing Dynasty. |
