評估所羅門群島氣候變遷的影響和適應策略;Assessing the impacts and adaptation strategies of climate change for Solomon Islands

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题名:	評估所羅門群島氣候變遷的影響和適應策略;Assessing the impacts and adaptation strategies of climate change for Solomon Islands
作者:	巴賴莫;Balairamo, George Liafuna
贡献者:	國際永續發展碩士在職專班
关键词:	氣候變遷;適應;脆弱性;基於社區的適應;社區適應力;Climate Change;Adaptation;Vulnerability;Community-Based Adaptation;Community Resilience
日期:	2020-10-15
上传时间:	2021-03-18 17:20:29 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	從工業化前以來，全球的氣候條件都一直在迅速變化。極易受到負面影響的小島嶼發展中國家（SIDS）必須找到生存的替代方法，氣候變化給居民的生活中帶來嚴峻的風險且沒有任何減緩的跡象。特別是在高度脆弱的島嶼國家，而所羅門群島就是被認為極易受到氣候變化影響的小島嶼國家之一。經歷了海平面的急劇上升、長時間的乾旱、強烈的極端事件、高溫、高降、洪災、山體滑坡以及海洋溫度升高;這些都直接關係到食品安全、健康問題、經濟損失、財產損失、土地和人類生命。許多所羅門群島人在這些負面影響之下依舊生活了許多年，靠的就是這些傳統的知識來生存。《聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約》針對弱勢國家強調唯有適用性現代知識才是唯一的希望，鑑於此類倡議的重要性，所羅門群島批准了《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》和《京都議定書》。該島嶼同時也是各種政府組織的成員，包括小島嶼國家、最不發達國家和小島嶼發展中國家聯盟等等。在區域方面，所羅門群島積極參與南太平洋區域環境方案，太平洋適應氣候變化和太平洋島嶼論壇秘書處，以有效應對氣候變化。研究結果表明，儘管採取了各種適應措施，但依舊有必要擴大應對措施的規模，所羅門群島政府必須扮演重要角色來加強機構、協調和執行各種措施，才不會因未受到關注而無法達到預期之成果。適應工作中應納入各種層面，其中包括發展計劃和教育系統，而保留傳統的適應知識對於應變氣候變遷也是相當重要的，該研究還進一步觀察到在社區倡議中必須納入適應過程，因為大多數社區之間有著牢固的聯繫和傳統紐帶，基於社區和生態系統的適應在研究區域內的大多數社區中都得到了成功證實，能使弱勢群體確保生計並且可建立更強大的社區適應力。;The global climatic conditions have been rapidly changing since the Pre-Industrial era hence, small island developing states (SIDS) which are highly susceptible to the negative impacts must find alternatives to survive. Climate change continues to pose severe risks to the livelihood of the people and there are no signs of slowing down, more specifically in highly vulnerable island nations. The Solomon Islands has been regarded as one of the small island nations that are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The country had experienced a severe increase in the sea level, prolonged droughts, intense extreme events, high temperatures, high rainfall and flooding, landslides, and increased ocean temperature which affects the environment and human livelihood. Many Solomon Islanders lived with these negative impacts for many years and developed traditional knowledge to survive. The modern knowledge in adaptation highlighted by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change targeting vulnerable nations is the only hope for many of the vulnerable communities. Seeing the importance of such initiatives, Solomon Islands ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol. The island nation is also a member of various inter-governmental organizations including, the Alliance of Small Island States, Least Developing Countries, and Small Island Developing States. On the regional front, Solomon Islands actively involved with the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change, and Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat to effectively deal with climate change. The results of this study show that despite the ongoing adaptation initiatives, there is a need for upscaling of responses as the impacts become widespread. Solomon Islands government must play a vital role to strengthen its institutions, coordinate and implement approaches without favor, and due influences. Adaptation should be integrated at all levels including development plans and the education system. It is important to share and preserve traditional knowledge of adaptation to enable communities to adapt to abrupt environmental changes. This study also further observed that communal initiatives must be included in the adaptation process as most communities have stronger connections and traditional ties. Community-Based Adaptation proved successes in most of the communities within the study area thus enable the vulnerable population to secure their livelihoods and build stronger community resilience.
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