營造業由於工項層層分包、主要職種勞工無一定僱傭關係、工程低價發包間接導致安衛費用偏低等產業特性問題，導致現場人員安衛知識觀念不足，使得營造業歷年來職業災害千人率位居第一，而過於頻繁的職災讓職災前的預防與災害後的處理與因應成為營造業重要的課題。營造業職災發生後對勞工的損害填補與對負責人應負的處罰都是職災受害人所關切的議題，且會變成職災事件雙方爭議的焦點;這些爭議往往最後都走向訴訟的程序，由第三方進行判決，但此判決過程既繁瑣且曠日廢時。若欲得知這些損害填補與應負刑罰之資訊，目前僅能從個案判決書內容中做瞭解，然而相關職災之判決書數量多且內容繁雜，不易從中擷取有關之資訊；再者，目前未有研究針對此資訊做系統性之分析，故實有針對此一主題進行研究與釐清之必要。因此，為了使從事營造業相關人員於面臨職業災害時能瞭解可能的量刑概況與所具有的責任與義務，本研究旨在對台灣營造相關之職業災害判決作刑事責任及民事責任之態樣進行分析，透過學術文獻的回顧、法規的整理、司法院法學資料檢索系統蒐集之民事訴訟案件與刑事訴訟案件判決書的閱讀，從中對職業災害整體態樣與數量做整理分析，分析的標的包括傷亡人員求償的金額比例、負責人處罰的刑度、裁判所依循的法令依據、與災害所導致的衍生事項等。最後透過專家訪談，瞭解法律界人士對於本研究成果與職業災害訴訟民刑事責任的看法，並提供受害者面臨職災時請求自身權益時可供參考之資訊與提供雇主相關責任之資訊。;The construction industry has the highest occupational hazard rate per thousandth over the years because site workers have insufficient safety and health knowledge resulting from characteristics in the industry such as multi-tier subcontracting, lack of regular employment relations for labors of principle trades, and low safety and health budget due to lowest bid contracting. Frequent occupational hazards make pre-hazard preventions and post-hazard management and responses significant topics. Specifically, victims are concerned about the indemnity for workers and penalties for accountable persons after hazards happen that become the disbute focus of both sides in the hazard events. The disbutes always make for litigation eventually and are judged by a third party, i.e., courts, and the whole litigation process is time-consuming and cumbersome. To reach the information about indemnity and undertaking criminal penalties requires reading and understanding courts′ verdicts but those verdicts’ are too many and complicated to acquire relevant information from. Moreover, existing studies do not have any systematic analysis regarding those information. It is essential and necessary to conduct research to clarify the topic. Therefore, to make construction practitioners understand potential penalty measurements, responsibilities and obligations, this research aims to analyze civil and criminal liabilities of occupational hazard litigation verdicts in the construction industry in Taiwan. Through reviewing academic literature, sorting out regulations and reviewing courts′ verdicts of civil and criminal litigation cases related to construction occupational hazards from the Law and Regulation Retrieving System, this research analyzes the overall patterns and amounts of occupational hazards. The analysis includes the rate of claims proposed by casualties, the penalties for employers sentenced, the acts on which the judgements are based, derivative issues from hazards and so on. Finally, expert interviews are conducted to consult their opinions of the study results and the civil and criminal liabilities of occupational hazard litigations. The study results provide valuable reference information to victims suffering from occupational hazards and provide relevant responsibility information to employers.
