人類活動對於環境的地形地貌有著極大的影響，進而衝擊了生態系統與其功能。矛盾的是，生態系統的複雜條件和運作過程中產生了人類賴以生存的一系列商品和服務。為瞭解並量化人類活動對於生態系統之衝擊，本研究利用1990年、2000年、2011年和2020年的 Landsat 衛星影像獲取這期間土地利用及地物變化的訊息，以研究越南芽莊市的都市化程度及其對生態系服務價值 (ESV) 的影響。在生態系服務價值的計算，本研究使用前人研究所修改的ESV係數，來觀察土地利用所引起的ESV變化趨勢。結果顯示，隨著城市地區的擴張和密集化，ESV有著顯著下降。隨著森林復育計劃的成功，芽莊市的年ESV從1990年的 1.487億美元增加到2000年的1.722億美元，隨後因為城市於原本應為耕地的地區快速發展，在2020年又下降到1.493 億美元。根據結果，本研究亦討論了將ESV 納入城市治理後的一些影響，探討結果建議，區域性的土地利用計畫應優先考慮基於生態系統的管理，其長期的效益將優於短期關注的經濟收益。根據本研究結果顯示，確保環境生態系統的多樣性與穩定發展，對於氣候適應型沿海城市的永續發展至關重要。;Anthropogenic activities have greatly reshaped the environmental landscape and altered land composition, thereby negatively affecting the ecosystem′s structures and functions. Paradoxically, the complex conditions and procedures of ecosystem operations generate a range of goods and services on which humans rely to thrive. To understand and quantify the impact on the ecosystem, this study examines the urbanisation pattern and its effects on ecosystem service values (ESV) in Nha Trang, Vietnam, by obtaining land-use/land-cover changes information derived from Landsat satellite imagery in 1990, 2000, 2011 and 2020. The modified ESV coefficients from previous studies were employed to examine the directional change of ESV induced by land-use practice. The results showed a significant decrease of ESV associated with the expansion and densification of urban areas during the past 30 years. Total annual ESV in Nha Trang increased from US$ 148.7 million in 1990 to US$ 172.2 million in 2000 due to the success of the forest rehabilitation programme, then declined to US$ 149.3 million in 2020 because of the rapid development of urban agglomeration at the expense of cultivated land. Drawing from the outcomes, some implications for integrating ESV in urban governance were discussed. The investigation results argue that the priority of regional land-use planning should be given to ecosystem-based approaches rather than focusing on the economic gain in the short term. Therefore, it can be concluded that ensuring the stable delivery of multiple ecosystem services is critical for building a climate-resilient coastal city and sustainable development.
