| 摘要: | 本文從新北市瑞芳區的臺灣閩南語著手進行調查，除了整理出內部現存的語音系統外，兼從社會語言學視角考察，將老、中、青三代間閩南語使用的差異進行共時性之比較與分析其社會變項的影響，以彰顯出各年齡層的語音特徵。最後利用瑞芳地區的閩南語特色，繪製其方言變體分佈地圖。
三代語音調查發現，聲母〈入入〉類變體中，老年層保存[j]的比例較高，中、青年層則傾向讀[l]；韻母〈居居〉類的優勢變體為[i]；〈科伽白〉類的優勢變體為[e]；〈科檜白〉類最具競爭力的變體則為 [ue]；〈雞稽白〉類有較多的發音人選擇讀 [e]；〈杯稽白〉類中「八」、「買」、「賣」、「袂」等字之優勢變體為 [e]，「批」字則以[ue]音成為最具競爭力的變體；〈刀高白〉類的優勢變體為[ɔ]，[ə]變體僅在「蚵」字出現，於中、青年層較具競爭力；〈恩巾〉類以[in]為優勢音，〈青更白〉類的[ẽ]、[ĩ]變體在老年層中的競爭力相當，中、青年層則是以[ẽ]音更具優勢；〈關官白〉類無論在哪個年齡層中皆是[uaĩ]變體較占優勢。〈毛扛白〉類 [ŋ]、[ɔ̃]兩者不分上下。聲調變體中，陽平變調在三代仍存在老泉腔低平調[22]，多數人讀中平調[33]。陽入本調陽入調的字於老、中年層多讀[40]，於青年層則讀[330]居多；喉陽入調三代多讀中長調[33]。
細究其性別差異、語言使用及語言態度、移居情形、教育程度和職業之社會變項，中、青年層更加重視華語和外語的學習，未來瑞芳地區很有可能朝向普通腔趨勢，多數青年族群亦鮮少使用閩南語。
;This paper first examined the Southern Fujian dialect used in Ruifang District, New Taipei City, to sort out its existing phonetic systems. Then, investigating from the perspective of sociolinguistics, the study made a synchronic comparison of the differences in the use of the dialect among the old, middle, and young generations and analyzed the impact of its social variables to highlight the phonetic characteristics of all age groups. Finally, the researcher of this study utilized the characteristics of the dialect to draw a map of the distribution of its variants.
The study found that among the consonantal variants, the old generation has a higher proportion of preserving [j], and the middle and young generations tend to read [l]; The dominant variant of the vowel class 〈居居juju〉is [i]; the dominant variant of the class 〈科伽白ke jia〉is [e]; the most competitive variant of the class〈科檜白ke hui〉is [ue]; as for the class 〈雞稽白ji ji〉, more people are inclined to read [e]; in the class〈杯稽白bei ji〉, the dominant variant of the four characters is [e], and [ue] is the most competitive sound for the character 「批pi」; the dominant variant of the class 〈刀高白dao gao〉is [ɔ], and the variant [ə] only appears in the character "蚵 ke" regarding the class 〈恩巾en jin〉, [in] is taken as the dominant sound; the [ẽ] and [ĩ] variants of the class 〈青更白 qing geng〉are equally competitive in the old generation while the [ẽ] sound is more dominant in the middle and young generations; in the class 〈關官白 guan guan〉, the variant [uaĩ] is more dominant. With respect to the class〈毛扛白 mao kang〉, [ŋ] and [ɔ̃] are equally dominant. Among the tonal variants, the rising modified tone is often read as [33] among the three generations. The characters with the Chinese tone yang ru are mostly read as [40] by the old and middle generations but as [330] by the young generation; the hou yang ru tone is more frequently read as [33] by the three generations.
Taking a closer look at its social variables of gender differences, language use and attitudes, immigration situation, education level, and occupation, we can find that the Ruifang area will also have a trend towards common accents and place more emphasis on the learning of Chinese and foreign languages in the future. |
