本論文分為兩部分，第一部分主要是利用生物質材料透過活化(活化劑-磷酸)以及熱處理(氮氣環境下鍛燒)的步驟，製備出多孔洞碳材PAC，再利用含浸法結合高理論電容的氧化鈷，合成出CoO@PAC奈米複合材料，並應用於鋰(鈉)離子電池的負極。經XPS與TEM mapping發現PAC具有微量的氮、硫和磷元素，達到自摻雜的效果，並且藉由氮氣吸脫附儀分析證實PAC具有高比表面積和多孔洞的特殊結構，對於材料在電性上的表現有一定程度的幫助，再加上CoO高理論電容以及不規則排列所形成的孔隙，也使得材料有著更大的電容量。CoO@PAC-20在鋰離子電池系統以電流密度100 mA g-1進行充放電循環測試，經過50圈後能得到780.8 mA h g-1優異的電容量表現，另外在鈉離子系統中以電流密度500 mA g-1進行充放電循環測試，在900圈後能穩定得到118.5 mA h g-1的電容量顯示此材料具有良好的循環穩定性。 第二部分為透過奈米模鑄法合成出具有雙孔徑管狀結構的有序中孔洞碳材CMK-5，以物理研磨的方式成功將CMK-5與還原氧化石墨烯(rGO)結合，再利用含浸法結合高理論電容的NiCo2O4，合成出NiCo2O4@CMK-5/rGO奈米複合材料，應用在鋰(鈉)離子電極之負極材料。導電性良好的rGO可以提升材料的電荷轉移，CMK-5一方面具有高比表面積和孔洞結構，另一方面作為間隔物，避免rGO堆疊而減少電解質接觸的表面積，這些特色不僅對於有效控制NiCo2O4體積膨脹率的問題有很大的幫助，也提供鋰(鈉)離子在嵌入與嵌出時有良好的通道，作為電解質快速傳輸的路徑。在鋰離子電池系統以電流密度100 mA g-1進行充放電循環測試，經過50圈後能得到1313.5 mA h g-1優異的電容量表現，另外在鈉離子系統中以電流密度500 mA g-1進行充放電循環測試，在1000圈後能穩定得到131.4 mA h g-1的電容量顯示此材料具有良好的循環穩定性。 ;Recently, biomass derived carbons have gained enormous attention mainly because natural biomass precursors provides abundance, environmental friendliness, cost-efficient approach to develop carbonaceous electrodes and the factors associated with the utilization in energy conversion and storage systems. In this study, pinecone-derived activated carbon (PAC) obtained from pine cone powder require an activation procedure (chemical agents H3PO4), and thermal steps (annealing under N2 atmosphere), for promoting carbon porosity and surface characteristics suitable for application in anode for lithium-ion batteries. It delivers a high reversible capacity of 796.1 mA h g-1 after 475 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g-1. We also synthesize CoO@PAC as an anode for lithium/sodium-ion batteries to improve the cycling performance. It displays a high reversible capacity of 780.8 mA h g-1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g-1 when use as anode for lithium-ion battery. When investigated in sodium-ion battery, the anode has exhibited a high reversible discharge capacity of 118.5 mA h g-1 after 900 cycles even at a current density of 500 mA g-1. In second part, we synthesize NiCo2O4@CMK-5/rGO as an advanced anode for lithium/sodium-ion batteries. Ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-5 is combined with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by physical grinding. CMK-5 acts as a spacer to avoid rGO stacking and reducing the surface area of the electrolyte contact. CMK-5/rGO has high specific surface area and good conducting network to accelerate the electron transport and Li-ion diffusion, and buffer the volume change of active materials upon cycling. NiCo2O4@CMK-5/rGO displays a high reversible capacity of 1313.5 and 131.4 mAh g-1 after 50 and 1000 cycles at current densities of 100 and 500 mAh/g with an outstanding rate performance in lithium-ion battery and sodium-ion battery, respectively.
